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50 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Next to water, what is the most plentiful substance in the body?
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Protein
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Proteins are large molecular structures.
What are the building blocks of proteins? |
Amino Acids
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What is the primary role of protein?
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Growth, Maintenance & Repair!
*Limit quantity to 4oz* |
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While structural proteins are for growth (skin, tendons, bone, cartilage, teeth) what are some roles of functional proteins?
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Synthesis of hormones, enzymes, antibodies, & lipoproteins.
Regulate body fluids *They are invisible, they regulate pH in the mouth.* |
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What are the 2 classifications of Amino Acids and where is each aquired?
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Non-essential: The body can make what it needs.
Essential: Must be aquired from the diet. The body can't make these. *There are 20 different amino acids. If you're missing one, it can effect the others.* |
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What are the 2 classifications of Proteins?
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Complete: A high quality protein. Has all of the essential amino acids to sustain optimal growth.
Incomplete: A low quality protein. Is missing one or more EAA's required for growth. |
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What are some examples of Complete vs Incomplete proteins?
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Complete Proteins: Meat, Fish, Milk, Eggs (Generally from animal sources)
Incomplete Proteins: Legumes, Nuts, Grains, Vegetables |
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Recognizing that the amount of protein required depends on Age, Health & Weight; approximately how many grams of protein should be taken in each day?
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40-65g/Day--> as a DH its outside our scope to make these recommendations to Pt's.
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FYI--> You can supplement an incomplete protein w/a complete protein for your daily recommended intake.
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A 6oz can of Tuna has 40 grams of protein and a 1/2 Cup of Tofu has 20 grams.
2oz of lean cooked beef has 20 grams of protein. 2 Tablespoons of peanutbutter has 8 grams. You can see it doesn't take too much to meet the 40-65 g/day recommendation. |
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What are 5 effects of protein deficiency?
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Anemia
Low resistance to infection Edema Brittle hair & nails Scaly skin or poor would healing. |
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Who is at risk for having a protein deficiency? (5 catagories)
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1) Older Adults
2) Medically Compromised (AIDS, cancer) 3) Low Income groups 4) Strict Vegetarians 5) Those with a Lack of Education |
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What are some Dental Considerations for those with a protein deficiency? (List off a bunch)
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Smaller Molars
Delayed Eruption Salavary gland decrease or change in protein in the saliva Pour Wound Healing Peak caries experience is delayed by approx 2 years -->because eruption is delayed. Epithelium connective tissues & bone can be poorly developed Immune system depresssed-->NUG or NOMA |
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Define Maramus
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Starvation, Inadequate food intake
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What are symptoms of Marasmus?
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Muscle weakening Fat & muscle tissue depletion (skin hangs w/visable bones underneath)
Impairment of brain/nervous system Decrease in cognative ability Delayed tooth eruption |
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Who can be at risk for Marasmus?
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Children
Homeless Older adults Substance abusers |
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What is Kwashiorkor?
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A Protein Deficiency Disease
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What are some symptoms of Kwashiorkor?
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Edema of the extremities, torso & face
Change in hair color & sparce hair Cracked, peeling infection-prone skin Lethargy |
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Who is at risk for Kwashiorkor?
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Children 18-24 months
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What are some overconsumption of protein health related effects?
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Excess protein is converted to fat-->contributes to obesity
Fluid imbalances Nitrogen must be excreted-->a concern for anyone with even mild kidney impairment *From a dental perspective high protein diets may make it more difficult to anesthetize a Pt due to a drop in their pH.* |
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What are some resources you can suggest to a Pt if they are low on protein?(social service type programs)
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Meals on Wheels,
WIC, Food stamps -->now called SNAP Food Banks |
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Since Animal proteins are most expensive what can you suggest as an alternative?
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Plant Proteins but get a variety
Cheese Milk Tofu Nuts Soy Products *You can refer medically complex patients to a registered dietitian or medical provider.* |
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What are some excellent qualities in Fats?
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Provide materials for making Hormones & Bile
Carry the fat soluble vitamins througout your blood stream (A,D,E,K) Makes food taste good, makes you feel full Act as a lubricant in the intestines **Choose fats wisely, you don't want more than 30% of your calories to come from fats.** |
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What are some physiological roles of FATS?
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Concentrated source of energy
Components of every cell in body Cushions vital organs Aids absorption of A,D,E & K vitamins Spares protein |
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Triglicerides are the __________ category of lipid.
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Largest
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The chains of triglicerides can be either _______, __________ or ______.
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Short, Medium or Long
*Short has 4 carbons or less Medium has 5-10 Carbons Large > 12 carbons* |
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What form does a saturated fatty acid take at room temperature?
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Solid-->most are animal fats…think of Crisco or Lard.
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Saturated Fatty Acids (SFA) can cause an ________ in LDL which then causes and _______ risk for Cardio Vascular Disease.
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Increase in LDL & Increase risk for CVD!
*2 plant sources of SFA's are Palm Oil & Coconut Oil.* *Coconut Oil is Great for the Hair* |
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MonoUnsaturated Fatty Acids (MUFA) are liquid at room temp.
What are some examples of MUFA? |
Olive Oil Canola Oil Grapeseed Oil
(other examples are Peanuts, Pecans, Almonds & Avacados) |
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How do monounsaturated fatty acids impact HDL?
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Increase in HDL which has a protective effect on CVD-->Risk of CVD goes down.
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What are examples of an essential fatty acid?
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Fish Oil (krill oil)
Canola Oil Flax Chia Eggs |
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What is the function of essential fatty acids in the body? (EFA's)
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Growth, Reproduction & maintenance of skin integrity.
May lower risk of CVD |
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Since we know that linolenic acid (Omega 3) comes from fish oil and the like; where does Linoleic acid (Omega 6 FA) come from?
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Vegetable oils like Sunflower/Soybean
*They are involved in the development & function of the Retina and Cerebral cortex.* |
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If Trans Fatty Acids make up less than .5g/serving, how are they labeled on a package?
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They aren't.
**Don't eat anything with Trans Fatty Acid.** |
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What is Hydrogenation?
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The process of adding hydrogen to oils to make them a solid-->this makes them a Trans Fatty Acid.
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Why would a food company put trans fatty acids into their products?
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Longer Shelf Life
(Cookies/Crackers & Chips Frosting Microwave Popcorn) **Consumption of Trans Fatty Acids elevates LDL and lowers HDL!** |
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Are fats cariogenic?
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No
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Excess fat is…..
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Stored as FAT
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What is needed to breakdown fats and help with their absorption?
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Bile!
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Unabsorbed Cholesterol is bound to ___________ fiber & eliminated from the body.
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Soluble fiber.
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40% of the cell membrane is made up of ____________.
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Phospholipids
(Structural component in enamel & dentin) |
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Phospholipids are considered _____________ lipids.
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Compound
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Compound lipids are emulsifiers. What do emulsifiers do?
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They make ingredients blend-->oil & water components to make gravy
*The body makes all of the compound lipids it needs.* |
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How does dietary fat decrease caries?
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It inhibits streptococcal growth!
*It may also delay gastric emptyingthus enhancing the absorption of fluoride!* *Remember in class where we talked about Pt's possibly putting oils on their teeth and gums to reduce cavities.* |
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How much of our diet should be fats?
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No more than 30% with ,10% being saturated.
*Low in saturated fat is <3g/serving* |
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Obvioulsy the overconsumption of fats leads to Obesity. What is it called when there are excess blood levels of fats?
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Hyperlipidemia
*The strongest dietary determinant of the blood cholesterol levels is dietary saturated fat.* |
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How much does Trans fat increase the risk of CVD?
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2 to 10 fold!
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FYI--> 33% of 500,000 deaths in the US can be attributed to diet & exercise (or lack their of)!
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Avoid High Fat Diets.
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What are some good choices of dietary fats?
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Lean cuts of meat & poultry
Dry Beans Lean or low fat milk products-->1% milk fat or less |
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Rather than using mayo on a sandwich, what can be used to add moisture instead?
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Avadaco Lettuce or other salad greens
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As much as possible avoid foods that are hydrogenated!
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Read the labels-->they can be hidden…partially hydrogenated etc.
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