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18 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What are PRO?
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carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen
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5 elements of a PRO
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Central carbon
Hydrogen Amine Group Acid Group Side Chain (different for every AA) |
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How are Amino Acids and PRO bonded together?
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Peptide or polypeptide bonds
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3D shape of PRO
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Determined by AA in PRO
Critical to proper functions of PRO Can be damaged by heat, losing functions |
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PRO function determined by structure
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Primary: Chains of AA held together by peptide bonds
Secondary: In places, chains coil together into an A-helix Tertiary: Helical chains fold themselves into globular shapes Quaternary: Globular PRO molecules associate into polymers •Several polypeptide strands that interact to create a PRO |
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Why do we need to eat PRO?
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1. Cell growth repair, maintenance
2. Enzymes and hormones 3. Fluid and electrolyte balance, edema 4. pH balance, buffers 5. Antibodies, defenders 6. Very little contribution to energy |
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Enzyme function of PRO
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Helps grow and breakdown things
Transport nutrients Assists in transport of things into and out of cell |
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Digestion of PRO
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begins in stomach: hydrocholic acid activates pepsin which is an enzyme that breaks apart strands of PRO into polypeptides or indv. AA's
small intestine: Pancreatic enzymes called proteaseas complete the digestion of PRO to single AA NOTHING happens in the liver |
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Absorption of PRO
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•AA absorbed by the ville
•Delivered to cells by blood •AA are then used by cells to build PRO directed by our genes and our bodies need. |
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How much PRO should normal people consume?
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.8kg/BW
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What % of PRO?
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10-35%
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People who might need more PRO.
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athletes, pregnant women, small children, vegetarians
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What part does the liver play?
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Catabolizes all AA
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Skeletal Muscle
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AA fiber in muscle doesn't match release of AA
Alanine and glutamine released in proportion greater than tissue, BCAA released in proportion much lower than tissue |
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What does high blood glucose cause?
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Release of insulin, anabolic hormone
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Insulins anabolic effect causes building of compounds
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• Glycogen
• Muscle • Fat |
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Too much PRO?
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high blood pressure and heart disease
bone loss kidney disease |
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Deficiency in PRO?
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PEM: Pro-Energy Malnutrition
o Kwashiorkor: starch staple consumed; but PRO source not available. PRO maintains fluid and electrolyte balance-causes edema. o Marasmus: starving |
