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34 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Vitamins can only cure a disease if?
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It is caused by a deficiency of that vitamin
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What is a precursor?
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Inactive form of a vitamin, must be converted to active form.
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Fortification?
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Nutrients added that were not already in the food
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Enrichment?
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Nutrients added that were already in the food
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Bioavailability?
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Food eaten, method of preparation
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Retinol?
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Main form of V-A
Reproduction |
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Retinal?
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Vision
Opsin + retinal = rhodopsin which sends light signal to the brain |
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Retinoic? Deficiency?
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Cell differentiation ; Karatinization
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____ units of beta carotene to make ____ unit of retinol?
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12 ;1
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Plant source of vitamin A?
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Carotenes
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Richest source of vitamin A?
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Liver and dark green yellow and orange fruits/veges.
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Vitamin D (hormone) can be synthesized with the help of?
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Sunlight.. Liver manufactures a precursor that migrates to skin - suns rays convert second precursor - liver and kidneys produce active vitamin D
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Roles of vitamin D?
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Makes calcium and phosphorus available in the blood that bathes the bones
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Vitamin D deficiency?
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Rickets
Osteperosis Osteomalacia |
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Vitamin D toxicity?
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Excess calcium can create soft tissue
Forms kidney stones May harden blood vessels |
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Vitamin E is a?
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Fat soluble antioxidant
Protects lungs |
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Vitamin E deficiency?
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Loss of muscle coordination and reflexes
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Vitamin E toxicity (extremely high doses)?
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Interfere with blood-clotting action of vitamin K
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Vitamin E food source? Can be destroyed by?
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20% vegetable oil
20% from fruits and begetables 15% from fortified cereals and other grains Heat |
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Vitamin K .. AKA?
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Koagulation-blood clotting
Newborns receive a shot of it |
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Vitamin K food source?
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Green leafy veges
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Water soluble vitamins? (B)(C)
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Thiamin
Riboflavin Niacin Pantothenic acid Biotin B6 Folate B12 |
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Vitamin B are coenzymes enabling?
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Metabolic reaction
Make new cells |
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Vitamin B deficiencies?
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Beriberi = "I cannot"
Pellagra = 4 D's |
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Thiamin? Deficiency?
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Needed for all cells, critical roll in metabolism
Wernicke-korsakoff syndrome (stumbling gate) |
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Riboflavin? Food source? Deficiency?
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Needed for cell energy
Milk, green veges Red magenta tongue |
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Niacin? Deficiency? ___mg of ___ = ___NE
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Role in metabolism
Pellagra (4 D's) 60 ; tryptophan ; 1 |
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Biotin?
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Participates in gene expression and cell signaling
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Vitamin B6? Food source? Deficiency? Toxicity?
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Sleeping giant
Meat fish poultry weakness, irritability, insomnia Numbness of extremities |
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Folate? (Follic acid = synthetic form) Deficiency? Mask?
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Active in cell division
Anemia Large doses can mask B12 deficiency |
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Folate can cause what two things? Food source?
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NTD and CD
Liver, oranges & fortified grains |
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Vitamin B12 deficiency can cause? Requires?
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Permanent nerve damage
Intrinsic factor |
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Vitamin C (ascorbic acid)? Food source?
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Collagen formation, antioxidant, can reduce the length of colds
Strawberries, citrus fruits |
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Vitamin C deficiency? Toxicity?
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Latent scurvy (capillaries breaking)
Overt scurvy (heart attack) Nausea, cramps diarrhea |
