Nutrition Midterm

Front 1

Greatest single cost of animal ag

Back 1

Feed

Front 2

6 general class of nutrition

Back 2

water, carbs, protein, lipids, vitamins, and minerals

Front 3

Total: ______ nutrients

Back 3

42-44

Front 4

______ is the sum of all processes by which an animal takes in and utilizes food

Back 4

Nutrition

Front 5

_______involves a series of processes within the alimentary canal in which feeds are broken down in particle size and made soluble for absorption

Back 5

Digestion

Front 6

______ is an edible material that provides nutrients (human food)

Back 6

Food

Front 7

_____ is a food item that animals eat

Back 7

Feed

Front 8

______ are materials used as feed

Back 8

Feedstuffs

Front 9

_____ is a mixture of feedstuffs used to supply nutrients to an animal

Back 9

Diet

Front 10

______ is the region of the alimentary canal that runs from the stomach to the colon

Back 10

Gastrointestinal tract (GIT)

Front 11

______ is an edible material that provides nutrients (human food)

Back 11

Food

Front 12

_____ is a food item that animals eat

Back 12

Feed

Front 13

______ are materials used as feed

Back 13

Feedstuffs

Front 14

_____ is a mixture of feedstuffs used to supply nutrients to an animal

Back 14

Diet

Front 15

______ is the region of the alimentary canal that runs from the stomach to the colon

Back 15

Gastrointestinal tract (GIT)

Front 16

______ involves the passage of digested nutrients from the gastrointestinal tract into the blood, where they are distributed throughout the body

Back 16

Absorption

Front 17

______ is the sum of all biochemical reactions that nutrients undergo to furnish energy and to build new tissue.

Back 17

Metabolism

Front 18

3 classes of types of diets

Back 18

omnivore, herbivore, and carnivore

Front 19

use mouth for:

Back 19

grazing, prehension of food, and chewing

Front 20

one of the most important part of the mouth for digestion

Back 20

saliva

Front 21

Functions of saliva

Back 21

1. Helps food to form a bolus for swallowing
2. Keeps mouth moist and begins to solubilize food
3. Adds digestive enzymes
4. In ruminants, it aids in buffering pH

Front 22

3 sections of the stomach

Back 22

pyloric region, cardiac region, and peptic gland region

Front 23

3 parts of small intestine

Back 23

Duodenum, jejunum, ileum

Front 24

duodenum has

Back 24

many digestive juices

Front 25

_____ is where most of the absorption occurs

Back 25

jejunum

Front 26

parts of large intestine

Back 26

cecum, colon, rectum

Front 27

_______ is to redigest unabsorbed nutrients and to acquire the bacterially-synthesized vitamins.

Back 27

Coprophagy

Front 28

functions of large intestine

Back 28

Area of water absorption, fermentation by gut bacteria, Bacterial fermentation occurring VFA’S can be absorbed

Front 29

4 compartments of a ruminant stomach

Back 29

rumen, reticulum, omasum, abomasum

Front 30

_____ has large fermentation chamber and site of VFA production

Back 30

rumen- ph 5-7

Front 31

proximal analysis is important for 2 reasons:

Back 31

1.used in the feed industry for food and feed labels and for quality control
2. used to classify feedstuffs

Front 32

Proximal analysis Is a lab procedure to estimate the ________ of a feed.

Back 32

nutritive value

Front 33

Feeds containing an average of more than 18% crude fiber in the dry state or classified as:

Back 33

forages or roughages

Front 34

Products containing 20% or more protein are classified as:

Back 34

protein supplements

Front 35

Products containing Less than 20% protein are called:

Back 35

energy feeds

Front 36

indetermination of dry matter one needs:

Back 36

Initial weight and Final weight = 35 g

Front 37

% Moisture =

Back 37

(g water / g sample) x 100

Front 38

%Dry matter =

Back 38

100 – 30(%mositure) = 70 % DM

Front 39

NDF =

Back 39

Neutral detergent fiber: hemicellulose, cellulose and lignin

Front 40

ADF =

Back 40

Acid detergent fiber: cellulose and lignin
*Detergentfiber analysis

Front 41

functions of water

Back 41

solvent, helps promote homeotherapy

Front 42

Body water content

Back 42

Fat-free mass of animal’s body = 73% water

Front 43

causes of water loss

Back 43

diarrhea, dehydration

Front 44

functions of water

Back 44

solvent, helps promote homeotherapy

Front 45

water absorption occurs mostly in:

Back 45

large intestine and jejunum

Front 46

Body water content

Back 46

Fat-free mass of animal’s body = 73% water

Front 47

_____ BW is blood volume

Back 47

9%

Front 48

causes of water loss

Back 48

diarrhea, dehydration

Front 49

water absorption occurs mostly in:

Back 49

large intestine and jejunum

Front 50

_____ BW is blood volume

Back 50

9%

Front 51

water losses

Back 51

Urination,Expiration, Defecation,Perspiration

Front 52

sources of water

Back 52

-Drinking water 90% of water needs
Water in food (quite variable)
Metabolic water
Water generated as a product of other metabolic reactions

Front 53

uses of energy

Back 53

To make ATP, To generate heat,To synthesize new tissue, To synthesize a new product

Front 54

Energy in cells can come from:

Back 54

food, or from tissue.

Front 55

CHO physiological value

Back 55

(4 kcal/g)

Front 56

fat

Back 56

(9 kcal/g)