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37 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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1. What are the most common problems with elderly nutrition?
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a. Over and under nutrition
b. Protein calorie malnutrition |
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1. What % of elderly patients suffer from protein calorie malnutrition?
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a. 33%
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3. What percentage of the elderly are overweight (BMI>25)?
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a. 68%
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4. What percentage of the elderly are obese (BMI>31)?
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a. 31%
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5. What are some normal changes in aging?
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a. Body composition
b. Energy requirements c. Macronutrient needs d. Micronutrient needs e. Fluid needs |
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What body composition changes decrease in the elderly?
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i. Bone mass
ii. Lean mass iii. Water content |
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What body composition changes increase in the elderly?
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i. Total body fat
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7. What are the decreased energy requirements in the elderly?
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a. BMR
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8. What is BMR dependent on?
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a. Lean muscle mass
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9. How do macronutrient needs change in the elderly? What causes this?
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a. Decrease
b. Decrease in lean body mass and physical activity |
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10. What is worrisome about vitamin B6 in the elderly?
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a. Alcohol
b. Medicine use |
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11. What can cause a vitamin B12 deficiency in the elderly?
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a. Avoidance of red/organ meats
b. Gastric/ileal surgery |
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12. What can cause a folate deficiency in the elderly?
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a. Alcohol
b. Medicine use c. Inadequate intake d. Malabsorption syndromes |
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13. What can cause a vitamin C deficiency in the elderly?
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a. Inadequate intake
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14. What can cause a vitamin D deficiency in the elderly?
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a. Institutionalized older patients
b. Low dairy intake |
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15. What can cause an iron deficiency in the elderly?
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a. Inadequate intake
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16. What is the most common fluid/electrolyte disturbance in the elderly?
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a. Dehydration
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17. What causes a greater need for fluids in the elderly?
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a. Fever
b. Infection c. Diuretics d. Laxatives |
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18. How do changes in taste, smell and thirst affect the elderly?
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a. Decrease in oral intake
b. Less palatability and interest in food c. Decrease in taste buds and papilla d. Decrease in taste and smell thresholds e. Decline in gastric emptying and other GI functions f. Impaired thirst sensation |
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19. How does atrophic gastritis affect the elderly?
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a. Decreased HCl and intrinsic factor
b. Impaired bioavailability of B12, Ca, iron, folic acid, and zinc |
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20. What causes skin changes in the elderly?
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a. Decreased efficiency of vitamin D synthesis
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21. Does liver function change in the elderly?
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a. No
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22. What qualifies as worrisome weight loss?
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a. 5%/month
b. 10%/6 months |
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23. What are some indicators for nutritional risk in elderly patients?
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a. Unintentional weight loss
b. Underweight status c. Eating difficulties d. Polypharmacy e. Low albumin f. Restricted diets g. Inadequate funds h. Alcohol/substance abuse i. Depression/poor mental health |
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24. What are anthropometrics? What is the BMI cutoff?
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a. Mainstay of nutritional assessment
b. BMI<18.5 |
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25. How can you monitor the nutrition of in-hospital patients?
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a. 24/48 hr. calorie counts
b. % of food consumed |
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26. How can you monitor the nutrition of community dwelling patients?
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a. Meals on wheels?
b. Who cooks/does the shopping? c. Ask caretaker/relative if there is food lying around the house uneaten |
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28. What lab tests are important for the elderly?
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a. Albumin
b. Prealbumin c. Hypocholesterolemia |
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29. What vitamin will maintain good health?
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a. Vitamin A
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30. What vitamin will help avoid osteoporosis and hip fractures?
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a. Calcium supplement and vitamin D
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31. What vitamin will help avoid age-related macular degeneration?
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a. Vitamins C, E
b. Zn, beta-carotene |
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32. What vitamin will boost immune function?
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a. B6, Zn, low dose vitamin E
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33. What are some nutrition syndromes in the elderly?
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a. Protein energy malnutrition
b. Cachexia c. Wasting syndromes d. Sarcopnia e. Failure to thrive |
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34. What is failure to thrive?
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a. Syndrome of weight loss, decreased appetite, and poor nutrition and inactivity
b. Often accompanied by dehydration, depressive symptoms, impaired immune function and low cholesterol |
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35. What is the most prevalent of all late-life diseases?
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a. Failure to thrive
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36. What are the 4 domains of Failure to Thrive?
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a. Impaired physical functioning
b. Undernutrition c. Depression d. Cognitive impairment |
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37. How can you manage Failure to Thrive?
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a. Nutritional support
b. Remove dietary restrictions c. Treat underlying disorders d. Remove offending medications e. Give medications for geriatric anorexia |
