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135 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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A nutrient that can be made by the body is called...
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nonessential
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Nutrients that do not yield energy include...
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minerals, vitamins, and water
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Glucose is...
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the most efficient form of energy for the brain.
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The number os kcal provided by 1g of lipid, carb, protein, and alcohol, respectively, is...
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9, 4, 4, 7.
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A cup of frozen yogurt contains 24g carbs, 2g fat, and 4g protein. The total number of kcal in the frozen yogurt is...
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130.
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Lipids provide the best source of...
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dense energy for the body.
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The category of nutrients that has a role in the production of hormones and forms a component of all cell structures is...
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lipids.
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Triglycerides, phospholipids, and sterols are all categories of...
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lipids.
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A nutrient category without which we can live only for a few days is...
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water, because it is a major part of every tissue of the body.
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An inadequate energy intake and/or an unbalanced intake of nutrients is callled...
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malnutrition.
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A guide to assist in the use of the Dietary Guidelines for Americans is...
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MyPyramid.
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The MyPyramid food guidance system is a...
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food guide intended to increase intake of fruits and vegetables.
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Cross-contamination with raw eggs, meat, and poultry can spread...
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Salmonella bacteria.
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A bolus is a ball of...
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masticated food ready to be swallowed.
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Gastrin is a(n)...
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hormone that increases the release of gastric juices.
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Villi are structures that increase the surface area of the...
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small intestine.
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The large intestine is the site of absorption for most...
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water.
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The esophagus is a structure that...
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does not produce or release digestive enzymes or hormones.
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The mouth, stomach, small intestine, and colon describe the...
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order in which food moves through the organs of the GI tract.
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An example of catabolism is...
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the breakdown of glucose to provide energy.
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Dehydration may occur secondary to...
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vomiting and diarrhea.
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Fructose, galactose, and glucose are...
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monosaccharides.
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Sucrose, maltose, and lactose are...
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disaccharides.
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Glucose is a...
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monosaccharide often called blood sugar.
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The sweetest of all sugars that is found in fruits and honey is....
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fructose.
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A disaccharide made up of glucose and fructose is...
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sucrose.
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Milk sugar is another name for...
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lactose.
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Dental caries are strongly related to a high intake of...
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sugars.
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Bacteria have a role with...
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sugar in causing tooth decay.
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Sorbitol, mannitol, and xylitol are...
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sugar alcohols.
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Aspartame should not be consumed by children who...
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have phenylketonuria (PKU).
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Cellulose is an example of...
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an insoluble fiber.
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After a meal, insulin is the...
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hormone that helps lower blood glucose levels.
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The term hyperglycemia is used to describe conditions that cause...
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high blood glucose levels.
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Diabetes mellitus is a disease caused by malfunctions in...
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carbohydrate metabolism.
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A client has problems removing glucose from his blood because his pancreas no longer makes insulin. He has...
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Type 1 diabetes mellitus.
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Weight loss and excercise are main features of the treatment for...
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Type 2 diabetes mellitus.
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Meat, dairy products, fish, and nuts are major sources of...
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fat in the diet.
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Fat enters the lymphatic system after...
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absorption.
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Fish is a good source of...
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omega-3 fatty acids.
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Protein is needed by the body because it provides...
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amino acids.
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In addition to carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen, amino acids also contain...
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nitrogen.
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Nine of the 20 amino acids are considered essential because they...
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cannot be manufactured by the body.
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Nonessential amino acids can be made by the liver using...
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other amino acids.
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The organs involved in deamination of proteins are the...
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liver and kidneys.
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The protein that carries oxygen in muscles is called...
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myoglobin.
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Phenylketonuria is caused by...
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failure to break down excess phenylalanine.
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Incomplete protein...
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contains inadequate amounts of one or more essential amino acids.
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Interstitial fluid is the body fluid...
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between the cells.
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The hormone that causes the body to decrease sodium excretion is called...
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aldosterone.
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The primary intracellular electrolyte is...
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potassium.
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A common sign of fluid volume deficit in older adults is...
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disorientation.
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An example of a food high in phosphorus is...
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cheese.
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Dietary chloride is usually associated with...
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sodium.
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Dietary chloride is usually associated with...
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sodium.
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The main source of iodine in the U.S. is...
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fortified table salt.
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Wilson's disease is an inherited disorder that causes excessive accumulation of...
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copper.
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The most abundant mineral in the body is...
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calcium.
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What vitamin enhances the absorption of iron...
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vitamin C.
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Hormones associated with pregnancy cause many of the discomforts of pregnancy. The relaxation of smooth muscles is a hormonal effect that contributes to...
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constipation.
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The fetus prefers ____ as primary energy source.
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glucose.
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Patients need to take a mineral which will help prevent neural tube defects...
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Folic Acid.
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Iron deficiency anemia is most common at what time during pregnancy...
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second trimester.
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The results of smoking during pregnancy are...
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low birth weight babies, stillbirths, placenta previa.
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Preeclampsia is also known as...
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PIH.
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In children, the most common food allergens include...
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peanuts, milk, eggs, and wheat.
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Food allergies are treated by...
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avoiding all sources of the offending food.
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Eating disorders are generally caused by...
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unresolved emotional conflicts.
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An eating disorder characterized by episodes of binge eating followed by self-induced vomiting; misuse of laxatives, diuretics, enemas, or other medications; fasting; or excessive exercise is called...
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bulimia nervosa.
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For individuals with binge eating disorder, episodes of binge eating may be triggered by...
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stressful events.
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Confusion may sometimes be caused by a deficiency of...
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water.
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Arthritis may lead to decreased food intake and malnutrition because...
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the ability to prepare food may be impaired.
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Absorption of vitamin B12 may be decreased in older adults because of decreased...
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production of intrinsic factor by the stomach.
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In older adults, weakening of muscles along the gastrointestinal tract may cause...
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constipation.
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A degenerative disease that is more common in women than in men is...
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osteoporosis.
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According to CAM, therapies can be divided into how many categories?
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5
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Non-western healing approaches used at the same time with conventional medicine is known as...
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complimentary medicine.
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The mission of the Nat. Center for Complimentary and Alternative Medicine is to provide support for the following studies...
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integrative medicine, complimentary medicine, alternative medicine.
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This can be considered an alternative medicine in the treatment of cancer...
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use of herbal supplements.
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This type of therapy uses extracts or essences of herbs, flowers, and trees in the form of essential oils to support health and well being...
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aromatherapy.
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Functional foods are foods that have been modified to increase density by...
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enhancing, fortifying, enriching
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A common source of mineral depleting medications are...
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diuretics and laxatives.
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Helicobactor pylori (H. pylori) is the main cause of...
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peptic ulcers.
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These are signs of dysphagia...
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choking, coughing, drooling.
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Short bowel syndrome occurs when a ____ portion of the ______ intestine is resected because of illness or injury.
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large / small
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The best treatment of choice for constipation is...
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a change in diet.
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The following help control diarrhea...
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Bananas, Rice, Applesauce, Toast
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Wilson's Disease is...
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a rare inherited disorder of copper metabolism in which copper accumulates slowly in the liver and is then released and taken up in other parts of the body.
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Ascites is...
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the accumulation of fluid in the peritoneal cavity.
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Third space is...
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a condition in which fluid shifts from the blood into the body cavity or tissue where it is no longer available as circulating fluid.
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Cholelithiasis is...
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the presence of stones in the gallbladder.
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Cholecystitis is...
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acute inflammation of the gallbladder associated with pain, tenderness, and fever.
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Cholecystectomy is...
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the surgical removal of the gallbladder.
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VLCD is...
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Very Low Calorie Diets.
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Colic is...
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sharp visceral pain.
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Hemochromatosis is
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a hereditary disorder characterized by excessive dietary iron absorption and deposition of iron in body tissues.
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Postnecrotic Cirrhosis is...
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associated with history of viral hepatitis, improperly treated hepatitis, or hepatic damage from toxic chemicals; accounts for about 20% of all cases.
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This type of hepatitis is the major cause of hepatitis in the U.S.
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Hepatitis C
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What is the earliest form of alcoholic liver diseases?
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Fatty Liver.
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Elevated levels of ____ is an indicator of pancreatitis.
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serum amylase
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Diabetes mellitus can occur as the result of chronic pancreatitis if _____ are damaged, thus decreasing insulin production.
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beta cells
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Cancer of the pancreas strikes ____ out of every 100,000 people every year and is one of the deadliest forms of cancer.
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5
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The three types of basic insulin administration are...
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rapid, intermediate, and long-acting
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The two strongest risk factors of T2DM are...
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Obesity and family history
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What are the three poly's that indicate the onset of DM?
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Polydipsia, polyuria, polyphasia
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When should self-monitoring be done for DM?
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before and after meals and at bedtime.
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Styes are...
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infections of the glands of the eyelid.
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What is the 2nd leading cause of disability in the U.S.?
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COPD
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The underlying pathologic process responsible for coronary artery disease is...
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atherosclerosis.
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Hypertension is known as the....
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silent killer.
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CVD encompasses a group of disease and conditions that affect the heart and the ____.
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blood vessels
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The scientific name for a blood clot is a ____.
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thrombus.
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D.A.S.H. is an abbreviation for the diet named what?
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Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension
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The D.A.S.H. diet is more successful when combined with what?
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Sodium Restriction
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What is the purpose of nutrition therapy for patients suffering from MI's or CHF?
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Reduce the workload of the heart.
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_____ is the most common type of fat found in the body.
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Triglyceride.
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Most patients in acute respiratory failure require -_____.
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mechanical ventilation
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_____ is the single largest killer of adult men and women in the U.S.
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Myocardial Infarction
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The cheif life preserving function of the kidneys is to maintain ____ in the body.
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homeostasis.
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It is essential to monitor this closely when dealing with a patient that exhibits nephritic syndrome.
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Weight and I&O.
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Limiting _______ can help control HTN and edem.
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dietary sodium
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Chronic Renal Failure (CRF) is the result of progressive irreversible loss of _____.
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kidney function
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_____ is a procedure to remove impurities or wastes from the blood in treating renal insufficiency by shunting the blood from the body through a machine fro diffusion and ultra filtration, then returning it to the patient's circulation.
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hemodialysis
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_____ removes excess fluid and waste products from blood using the precardial membrane as a filter.
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peritoneal dialysis
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Another name for renal calculi is _____.
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kidney stones.
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Too much ____ in the urine is the most common identifiable cause of renal calculi.
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calcium
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What is the proper term for elevated calcium levels in the urine?
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Hypercalcuria
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Patients with cancer are at an increased risk of developing ____ or _____.
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malnutrition and wasting syndrome
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The best tolerated foods when a patient experiences nausea and vomiting are....
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cold foods
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____ is a complex syndrome that results in severe wasting of lean body mass and weight loss.
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cancer cachexia
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A bone marrow transplant from an identical twin is termed _____.
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syngenic
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Food safety guidelines for patients with low immune function include avoiding _____.
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uncooked meats and eggs
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what should the first step in beginning early interventions in the role of nutrition be for HIV/AIDS patients?
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Education
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It is routinely recommended that people with HIV/AIDS take a general multivitamin supplement that meets _____% of the RDA for vitamins and minerals.
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100
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Fruits and vegetables can be cleaned with a mixture of 20 drops of 2% ____ in one gallon of water to prevent contamination.
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iodine
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