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170 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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1. The RDA are optimal intakes and include a generous margin of safety. The DRI recommendations are considered adequate for all people including those suffering from deficiencies or recovering from stress or serious illness
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False
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2. The dietary guidelines recommended limiting fruit juice consumption since it is primarily just the sugar from the fruit and can quickly increases blood sugar levels just like sugary foods.
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True
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3. All bacteria in food cause disease.
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False
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4. If a nutrient does not have an established Tolerable Upper Intake Level, it means that it is absolutely safe to consume that nutrient at any level.
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False
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5. Starvation from lack of food always results in the loss of muscle tissue as well as fat
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True
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6. Under normal conditions, food that is eaten may take 1 to 3 days to pass from the mouth to the anus
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True
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7. A person with gluten sensitive enteropathy must completely avoid grains that contain protein gluten
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True
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8. A person with poorly controlled Type II diabetes may progress to a stage when they can no longer make insulin and then must have daily insulin injections to control their blood sugar levels.
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True
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9. Oat bran is an important source of soluble fiber, and regular consumption has been shown to lower blood cholesterol levels and help diabetics better control their blood sugar.
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True
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10. It is scientifically proven that high sugar consumption contributes to tooth decay, especially in children.
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true
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11. The single most important way to prevent the transmission of germs is proper hand washing. This means washing with soap and water, rubbing hands together for at least 20 seconds and drying hands completely
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True
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12. Irritable bowel syndrome is characterized by alternating episodes of diaherea and constipation, and is best managed with a healthy diet including plenty of fiber, adequate physical activity and mind-body techniques that help with stress management.
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True
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13. Complex carbohydrates include…
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Fiber and the starches amylose and amylopectin
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14. Would yogurt and calcium enriched soymilk likely be tolerated by a person with lactose intolerance.
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Yes
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15. A person who is unable to digest food or absorb nutrients from their digestive tract must be feed
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specially “predigested” nutrients through an IV directly into their bloodstream
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16. To decrease the symptoms of GERD
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Avoid caffeine, alcohol chocolate and peppermint, raise head of bed, eat small frequent meals.
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17. Enriched grain products are supplemented with which nutrients
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Iron, folate, thiamin, riboflavin, niacin
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The DRI recommendation for daily dietary fiber
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20-35 grams daily
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19. The glycemic index and glycemic load are…
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A system of relating how different foods affects blood sugar levels and may help diabetics.
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20. Increasing dietary fiber has been shown to…
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Decrease the risk of diverticulitis, prevent constipation and hemorrhoids, and lower blood cholesterol and blood sugar levels
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21. Epidemiological studies of populations consistently show what factor to have the strongest relationship with developing Type II diabetes
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Obesity
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22. Characteristics of Type I diabetes include
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The pancreas no longer produces insulin and requires a person to carefully monitor their carbohydrate intake.
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23. The artificial sweetener is made from the amino acid phenylanine and must bear a label stating it is not safe for consumption by people with PKU.
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Aspartame/NutraSweet
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24. The DRI recommends that most people should obtain what percentage of daily calories from carbohydrates.
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45-65%
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25. The stomach lining, but not the esophagus is protected from the very strong acid of the stomach by.
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coat of mucus
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26. Will weight control, regular exercise and eating a well balanced diet help prevent diabetes?
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Yes
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27. Which of the following contain a significant amount of carbohydrate and need to be monitored by a person with diabetes: fats, meat/poultry, dairy, fruit?
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Fat and meat/poultry
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28. When blood glucose levels rise after a meal, the body’s hormonal response to lower blood glucose is…
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The pancreas secretes insulin into the bloodstream to stimulate uptake of glucose by cells.
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29. Which of the following is true about sugar alcohols?
a. They do not contribute to tooth decay b. The can have intestinal side effects if taken in large quantities c. They do provide calories, but cause a smaller rise in blood glucose than sugar |
All of the above.
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30. The ideal conditions for bacteria growth
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Moisture, Nutrients, and warmth.
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31. Organ which manufacturers enzymes to digest all energy-yielding nutrients
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Pancreas
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32. Primary site of absorption of all nutrients
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Villi and microvilli
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33. A circular muscle surrounding and able to close off part of the digestive tract
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Sphincter
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34. Filters wastes from blood and forms urine
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Kidney
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35. Reabsorbs water and minerals
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Colon
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36. Glucose +Fructose
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Sucrose
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37. Milk sugar
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Lactose
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38. A “resistance starch” consisting of linear chains of glucose that digest slowly
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Amylose
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39. A carbohydrate that is indigestible by human enzymes and considered dietary fiber.
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Cellulose
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40. The body’s emergency store of glucose
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Glycogen
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Lipids are soluble in water
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False
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A “Typical American Diet” is deficient in Omega-3 fats and excessive in Omega 6 fats.
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True
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During a fasting state, the body can easily convert fatty acids from body stores into glucose in order to provide a steady supply of glucose to meet the energy needs of the brain and nervous system
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Flase
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There is no minimum dietary fat requirement or fatty acids classified as essential because the body can make all that it needs
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False
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Coconut and palm oil are good replacements for hydrogenated fats in processed foods because they are low in saturated and trans fatty acids
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False
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Bile is made in the liver and stored in the gallbladder
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True
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Omega 3 fatty acids are important in brain development and are now added to infant formula.
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True
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A primary role of dietary fat is to supply nitrogen to the body’s cells
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False
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Starvation always results in the loss of muscle tissue as well as body fat stores
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True
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Sickle cell anemia is a genetic mutation that results in a substitution. One of the amino acids in the protein hemoglobin. Sickle cell hemoglobin has an abnormal shape and functions properly.
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True
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. It is recommended that a majority of dietary fat comes from monounsaturated fats since they do not increase blood cholesterol have a neutral effect on blood clotting and inflammation.
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True
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There are 20 different amino acids linked to human health, which can be combines to produce a wide variety of proteins
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True
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Excessive dietary intake of which of the following can raise blood cholesterol levels and increase the risk of cardiovascular disease: Saturated fat, transfat, and cholesterol.
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All
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The DRI for dietary fat should comprise no more than _____% of total Daily Calories.
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35%
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. Saturated fat should comprise no more than ____% of daily calories.
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10%
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What are the plant food sources of Omega 3 fats?
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Fax, walnuts, canola, soy
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# of servings of fish per week to reduce heart disease
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2
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A child with Kwashiorkor has a swollen belly as a result of a deficiency
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Protein
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EPA and DHA are: omega 3 fats, found in fish oil, decrease blood clotting, have anti-inflammatory effects in the body.
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All
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Phospholipids are comprised of …
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Glycerol + 2 Fatty Acids + Phosphate group
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If amino acids are oversupplied in the diet…
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The body removes excess nitrogen and excretes as urea, and converts remaining carbon fragments into glucose, glycogen or fat as needed
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Functions of adipose tissue
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Insulate from temperature extremes, Cushions internal organs, an important component of cell membranes, and a large concentration of energy.
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What food product contains cholesterol?
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Animal products
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how many calories are in a gram of fat
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9 cal/gram
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What are complementary proteins?
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Two or more incomplete proteins that are combined in such a way that the essential amino acids missing from one are supplied by the other.
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A poorly planned vegetarian diets lacks…
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Calcium, Zinc and B12
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Upper limit of protein is what percentage of total calories
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35%
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Minimum daily requirement for protein
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.8gm/kg or 10% of total calories
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A person with kidney disease must limit their intake of…
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Protein, sodium, potassium and fluid
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Lipids with no double bonds
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. Saturated fatty acid
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Lipids with no double bonds
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Saturated fatty acid
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A partially hydrogenated lipid that can increase risk for chronic disease.
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Trans Fatty acids
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Fake fat
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Olestra
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An emulsifier in foods and a constituent of cell membranes
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Phospholipids
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A Sterol that is used by the body to make steroid hormones with Vitamin D and bile.
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Cholesterol
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In the absence of dietary carbohydrate, ________ can be converted to glucose to feed the brain and nervous system
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Protein
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A person who eats only food from plant sources
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Vegan
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. A nutrient that cannot be synthesized by the body
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Protein
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The unique portion of individual amino acids
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Side chain
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Responsible for the denaturation or unwinding of dietary proteins in the stomach
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Acid
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Both underweight and overweight individuals have associated health risks
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True
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Body fat breakdown is stimulated by a high concentration of glucagon
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True
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. BMI is a better an indicator for the risk of developing chronic disease than weight
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True
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BMI and risk for chronic disease are determined the same for adults and children
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False
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Storing body fat is stimulated by a high concentration of glucose and insulin after eating
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True
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Qualifications for weight loss surgery
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BMI> 40, or BMI >35 with chronic disease
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measurements of Central obesity
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Waist circumference greater than 40” for men, or 35” in women
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A healthy person with average body fat can live without food for 6-8 weeks
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True
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Physical Fitness
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Cardio respiratory fitness, muscular fitness, flexibility and a healthy percent of body fat
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Tobacco contributes to more preventable diseases than poor diet and activity
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True
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BMI of 18.5 – 24.9
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Normal Weight
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First food for brain during food deprivation
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Glucose
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One pound of fat is equal to how many calories
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2000
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Area of the body in which excess fats represents a greater risk to health
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Central abdomen
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A deficiency of ________leads to overeating and obesity in mice
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Leptin
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Reason of BMI to decrease in a person over 40
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With age, lean body mass decreases
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When insufficient carbohydrate is available, fat can be broken down into
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Ketone bodies
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Fasting more than 24 hours may harm the body because
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The formation of acidic ketones during fasting can upset the acid/base balance in the body. AND Fasting breaks down muscle tissue and can negatively affect vital organs.
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What is required for the complete breakdown of fatty acids?
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Glucose and Oxygen
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At what point can a benefit of sports drinks be detected
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After one hour
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Best diet to support an endurance event
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High carbohydrate
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Recurrent episodes of binge eating without the use of inappropriate compensatory behaviors
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Binge eating disorder
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Restrictive eating and over exercise resulting in low body fat, loss of menstrual periods and osteoporosis
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Female athlete Triad
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Intense fear of weight gain and refusal to gain weight
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Anorexia nervosa
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Factors which increase risk for central obesity
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Male, alcohol, cigarette, age
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Which increase the risk for cardiovascular disease high systolic or diastolic pressure
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Systolic
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The leading cause of death in the US
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Heart disease
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During the critical period of fetal development, nutritional deficiencies are reversible
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False
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Major underlying risk factor for metabolic syndrome
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Abdominal obesity
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A food, which must be avoided when taking Coumadin
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Grapefruit
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Poor nutritional intake during lactation will reduce the _________of milk
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Quantity not quality
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Can the dietary lifestyle of a father affect his ability to conceive or the future health of a baby?
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Yes
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To prevent heart disease, total dietary fat should be no more than ____% of calories
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35%
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Weight of baby considered to be low birth weight
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<5.5 lbs
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Optimal weight gain during pregnancy
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30 pounds
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Risks for low birth weight babies
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Increased risk of death by age one, lower IQ,
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A deficiency of what nutrients can cause a build-up of homocysteine which increases the risk for cardiovascular disease
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folate, b6, B12
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Which levels can increase the risk for CVD?
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high LDL, low HDL, High triglycerides
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Factors for an atherogenic diet.
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low vitamins, minerals and antioxidants, high in saturated and trans fats
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Dietary guidelines for cancer prevention?
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healthy body weight, increased fruits, vegetables and whole grains
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Foods that can increase the livers ability to detoxify
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green tea, dark berries, cruferious vegetables
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Which nutrients are seniors most at risk of being deficient
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D, B12, calcium, water
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. Keys to lowering cholesterol
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Soluble fiber, weight loss
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Risk factors for poor nutritional status of seniors
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tooth loss, multiple medications, involuntary weight gain, age >80
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optimal daily servings of fruits and vegetables
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5-9
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Cancer patients have an increased need for what nutrients
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Calories and protein
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Dietary factors which can decrease physiological aging
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Eating regular meals, controlling weight, limiting alcohol
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Foods high in Potassium
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Oranges, bananas, melons and potatoe
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Anti-oxidents that protect cells
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. C, E, selenium, & beta carotene
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Nutrients essential for bone health
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Calcium, phosphorus, magnesium, potassium, A, C, D, K
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Fat Soluble vitamins
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.A, D, E, K
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Deficiency of these vitamins leads to anemia with large misshapen RBC
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Folate, B12
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Nutrient which can be made from cholestrol an sun exposure
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D
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. Arguments against a high protein low carb diet
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- Minimum DRI for carbs 130g/day
- Carbs are needed for the complete breakdown of fats - Fats broken down without ample carbs result in Ketone bodies - Ketone bodies alter acid/base balance - Altered acid/base balance can lead to osteoporosis. -Excess protein, taxes the kidneys as they attempt to remove additional dietary Nitrogen - High protein diet is often lacking Fiber, Folate, and Vitamins A & C |
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Three things which must be prevented to preserve food
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Prevent microbial growth, oxidative changes and enzyme destruction
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What is specified by the sell by date?
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Shelf Life of food
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What is specified by “Best if used by” date
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The last date food will be of the highest quality
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What is indicated by the expiration date?
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The last date the food should be consumed
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How are canned food preserved
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With heat, salt and lack of Oxygen
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Are fat soluble vitamins damaged by heat?
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No
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Which water soluble vitamins are most susceptible to heat damage?
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Thiamin, Riboflavin, Vitamin C
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When frozen, do microorganisms die
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No, but they remain dormant until thawed
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Radioactive material utilized for food irradiation
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Cobalt 60
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Potential benefit of food irradiation
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Kills almost all disease-producing mcroorganisms, but no effect on toxins, prions and microbial spores, kills mold spores, slows decay, nutrient loss similar to cooking
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Aother name for irradiation symbol
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11. radura
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Cons of irradiation
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12. High cost, low consumer acceptance, Requires radioactive material, , high environemental impact
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13. Who tests new additives for safety
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13. Food manufacturer
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14. GRAS
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14. Generally Recognized as Safe
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15. MSG Sympton Complex
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15. Adverse Reaction to MSG – burning sensation, flushing, migraine
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16. Eating _________ helps alleviate symptom of what disorder
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16. Carbohydrate-rich meals
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17. Are genetically modified foods labeled as such
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No
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18. Benefit of Genetically engineered foods
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Withstand earlier harvest time, and more stable transport
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19. Problems with potential to be solved by genetic engineering
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19. Food and Medicine shortages, nutrient deficiencies, dwindling farmland, environmental degradation
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20. Benefit of growth hormone in Meat and Milk (bST)
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Promotes lean tissue growth and boosts milk production
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Why bST is banned in Canada and Europe
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Stimulates release of insulin-like growth factor, which may be linked to breast cancer
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22. Negative effects of pesticides
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22. Accumulate in food chain, kill natural predators, pollute water, soil, and air
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23. Why are infants and children more suseptable to adverse effects of pesticides
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23. Brains can not exclude chemicals like and adult brain
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24. What are organic foods
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24. Growth and processed without chemical
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25. PLU of organic foods
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25. 5 digit # starting with 9
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26. PLU of GMO
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26. 5 digit # starting with 8
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27. How many people worldwide experience hunger due to lack of food
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27. 1 in 5
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28. Root cause of worldwide hunger
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28. poverty
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29. What is food insecurity?
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29. Not knowing where next meal is coming from.
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30. What family risk factors for food insecurity.
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30. Single mother, black/Hispanic, income below poverty line
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31. What is malnutrition?
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31. Nutrient deficiences, imbalances and excess
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32. US paradox of malnutrition
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32. Highest rates of obesity occur in lowest income and lowest education level
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33. Field Gleaning?
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33. Collecting crops from the fields that have already been harvested
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34. How much US cropland is used to produce grain for livestock
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20%
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35. How much of the world population is in the US?
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35. 5%
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36. How much of the world’s energy is consumed in the US?
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36. 25%
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