Nutrition Final

Front 1

Colostrum

Back 1

produced by mother 2-3 after birth. Contains lots of antibodies and white
blood cells

Front 2

how long to breastfeed?

Back 2

Exclusive breastfeeding for first 6
months
• Breastfeeding with complementary
foods for at least 12 months

Front 3

benefits of breastfeeding

Back 3

stimulates development, mantains healthy digestive tract, protects against cardiovascular disease, digested easily, high in fats, sterile

Front 4

infant formula

Back 4

Contains more vitamin D and iron than
breast milk

Front 5

infant formula problems

Back 5

lacks mother's hormones, immune contributions, contaiminated with lead, bacteria, viruses, tooth damage from bottle

Front 6

introducing foods to infants

Back 6

controversial: 4-6 months.
no cow's milk first year (causes intestinal bleeding, possible link to diabetes 1, high vit c and iron inhibit iron absorption, high protein causes kidney stress)
Food too early could cause allergic reactions to those foods

Front 7

introducing foods to infants

Back 7

introduce veggies first, (decreases preference for sweets), provide variety, foods high in vit c and iron, don't restrict fat, limit fruit juice (not energy or nutrient dense)

Front 8

breastfeeding until when

Back 8

age two

Front 9

appetite does what in children

Back 9

decreases with slowing of growth

Front 10

6 year olds need how many calories

Back 10

1600

Front 11

Iron deficiency in kids

Back 11

is the most prevalent
deficiency in children

Front 12

fat intake and kids

Back 12

energy uses more fat in kids than adults

Front 13

iron in kids

Back 13

vital for proper brain growth

Front 14

calcium/ vit a in adolescents

Back 14

peak requirement in adolescents because bones are rapidly developing

Front 15

vit d, iron, floride

Back 15

recommended as supplements during infancy and childhood

Front 16

what percent of children have inadequate diets

Back 16

81% 2-9 year olds

Front 17

diet-related health problems can start early

Back 17

hypertension, high LDL levels, building of plaque on artery walls can start at 15

Front 18

critical periods

Back 18

finite periods during
development in which certain events
occur that will have irreversible
effects on later developmental stages

Front 19

First Trimester

Back 19

0-13 weeks, fetus very suceptible to teratogens

Front 20

teratogens

Back 20

compounds that cause birth defects

Front 21

Second Trimester

Back 21

14-27 weeks of gestation Baby can hear, react to light, open
and close eyes, suck thumb

Front 22

Third Trimester

Back 22

28-40 weeks of gestationFetus doubles in length
• Fetus quadruples in weight
• Maturation of fetal lungs and brain

Front 23

Full-term Baby

Back 23

38-40 wks. healthy weight: 5.5-9 lbs

Front 24

low-birth weight

Back 24

preterm, increased risk of infection, learning disabilities, impaired physical development, death in first year

Front 25

poor maternal nutrition

Back 25

alters blood pressure, glucose, immune function

Front 26

maternal weight

Back 26

underweight: preterm baby, 1st year death,
overweight: large baby trauma to mother and child, heart defects
Obese: Increased risk of hypertension, gestational
diabetes, postpartum infections, heart and
neural tube defects and other abnormalities

Front 27

weight gain during pregnancy

Back 27

more if u are underweight to start out with. 15 lb minimum for obese. 3-5 lbs first tri, 1 lb afterwards

Front 28

weight gain components

Back 28

breast, increase in fluid vol, placenta,Increase in blood supply
to the placenta,Amniotic fluid, Infant at birth
Increase in size of uterus
and supporting muscles, Mother’s fat stores

Front 29

calorie needs in pregnant women

Back 29

2-3 tris: 400 more calories

Front 30

nutrient needs in pregnant women

Back 30

130g crabs (prevents ketosis), 25g protein, no change in fat

Front 31

fluid intake

Back 31

10 cups of fluids a day because amniotic fluid
– increased blood volume
– metabolic reactions
– maintaining body temperature etc.

Front 32

cravings

Back 32

due to hormonal fluctuations,

Front 33

pica

Back 33

craving for non-food items

Front 34

avoid while pregnant

Back 34

containminated items such as unwashed fruits veggies, taking medications supplements without advice of doctor, infection with listeriosis (unpasteurized cheeses, uncooked or
rare meats) mercury contaiminated fish

Front 35

fetal alcohol sydrome

Back 35

greater than 3-4 drinks/day Emotional, behavioral, social, learning,
development problems throughout life

Front 36

complications during pregnancy

Back 36

heartburn (relaxed sphincters and stomach, enlarged uterus) constipation (hormones causes smooth muscles to relax) Gestational Diabetes: during pregnancy, mother temporarily doesn't produce insulin, can usually be controlled with diet , excerise or medication, increased risk of type 2 diabetes for mother and child, Preeclampsia: due to low vit e, vit c, magnesium, HBP, swelling, wt. gain, protein in urine, cure is birth of child

Front 37

exercise while pregnant

Back 37

tremendous benefit to mother: keeps BP down, good mood, easier to loose wt after birth

Front 38

worldwide breatfeeding percentage

Back 38

50%

Front 39

USA percentages of breastfeeding women

Back 39

70% in hospital
33% 6 months
10% 6 months exclussive

Front 40

breastfeeding benefits for mother

Back 40

contracts uterus, conserves iron stores, may protect against breat/overian cancer, mother-infant bonding

Front 41

breastfeeding produces

Back 41

25 oz milk, costs 700-800 cals/day (some from food some from internal stores), need 500 extra cals/day

Front 42

wt. loss after pregnancy

Back 42

1-4 lbs./month quantity/quality not affected by wt. loss

Front 43

macronutrients and lactating women

Back 43

protein: same
Fat: same
carbs: higher end of range

Front 44

vits/mins

Back 44

fefiences affect quantity not quality, declines w/ prolonged inadequate intake of most vits, intake should be highered for vits, smae for mins

Front 45

well-balanced diets for lactating women

Back 45

provide all they need (cept iron)

Front 46

Chronological age:

Back 46

A person’s age in
years from his or her date of birth

Front 47

Physiological age

Back 47

A person’s age as
estimated from his or her body’s
health and probable life expectancy

Front 48

how to slow aging

Back 48

well-balanced meals, physical activity, maintaining healthy body wt., no smoking, lil or no alcohol, sleeping reg. and adaquately

Front 49

sarcopenia

Back 49

muscle loss: declines with age, regualr physical activity slows muslce loss

Front 50

GI tract problems in elderly

Back 50

motility is sloiwed due to change in GI hormones and decrease in elasticity of GI tract

Front 51

Dysphagia

Back 51

difficulty swallowing leads to wt loss malnutrition dehydration

Front 52

atrophic gastritis

Back 52

symptoms: inflamed stomach , increased, bacterial growth , reduced stomach acid.
Consequences: impaired digestion, absorption of ntrs, 1/3 people affected over 60

lowers absoprtion of B12 because of low acid stomach

Front 53

dehydration in elderly

Back 53

causes – urinary tract infections
– pneumonia
– pressure ulcers
– confusion
– disorientation

Front 54

calories and elderly

Back 54

need less: physical activity decreases,Basal metabolic rate decreases
– Due to decrease in lean body mass

Front 55

protein in elderly

Back 55

high quality protein needed because of lowered calorie intake impt. for immune, and muscle wasting