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117 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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which factors determine the food we eat?
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taste, texture, & smell
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taste, texture, & smell determine...
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the food we eat
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what is pica
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eating dirt or clay. cravings for non-food items
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eating dirt or clay is...
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pica
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essential nutrients must be acquired from..
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our diet, the body does not manufacture it
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because our body does not manufacture nutrients...
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essential nutrients must be acquired from our diet
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what are macronutrients
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nutrients that the body needs in large amounts
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what are nutrients?
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substances that the body uses for energy & regulating processes
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how many classifications of nutrients are there?
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six!
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what are the 6 classifications of nutrients..
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carbohydrates, proteins, fats, vitamins, minerals, & water
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what nutrients do not provide energy?
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water & minerals
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how much kilocalories are proteins, carbohydrates, & fats?
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proteins: 4
carbohydrates: 4 fats: 9 |
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which nutrient has the highest energy source
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fats
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which nutrient is responsible for building and maintaing structures?
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protein
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what does protein do?
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it is responsible for building and maintaing strucutes
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what is moderation?
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not having too much or too little of any one type of food in the diet
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not having too much or too ittle of any one type of food is known as...
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moderation
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what is healthful eating?
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balancing your calorie intake with your energy expenditure
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balancing your calorie intake with your energy expenditure is known as..
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healthyful eating
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a product that has less than .05 grams of fat per serving is identiffied as..
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fat free
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what is fat free?
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a product that has less than .05 grams of fat per serving
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a product that contrains less that 3 grams of fat per serving is identified as..
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low fat
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what is low fat?
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a product that contrains less that 3 grams of fat per serving
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on a food label... the greater the difference between the total carboyhydrates and total sugars..
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the more nutritious the carboyhydrate
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what are the best fat choices?
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polyunsaturated & monounsaturated fats
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polyunsaturated & monounsaturated fats are...
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the best fat choices
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allll calories are..
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not equal!
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what is the most overlooked item on a food label...
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the serving size
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what is peristalsis
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the longitudinal movement of food through the intestine
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the longitudinal movement of food through the intestine is known as...
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peristalsis
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what is segmentation
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the mixing & churning of food
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the mixing & churning of food is known as...
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segmentation
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what is chyme
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food mixed with acid
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food mixed with acid..
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is known as chyme
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an emulsifier bile is needed for..
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the digestion of fats
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to digest fats...
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an emulsifier bile is needed
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what is the ph of the stomach?
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2
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the digestive system organ that contains the most bacteria is..
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the large intestine
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the large intestine...
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is the digestive system organ that contains the most bacteria
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the small intestine..
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is where most digestion & absorption of food happens
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the digestive system organ that contains the most bacteria is...
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the large intestine
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digestion & absorption of food is regulated by..
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the cenetral nervous sytem & hormones
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the cenetral nervous sytem & hormones regulate...
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the digestion & absoprtion of food
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what can be absorbed directly through the stomach wall?
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aspirin and alcohol
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aspirin & alcohol can be absorbed..
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directly through the stomach wall
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what is an emulsifier?
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an agent that blends fats and water together
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an agent that blends fats & wwater together is an..
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emulsifier
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what are the 2 main types of carbohydrates?
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simple & complex
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what is the major contributorto sugar in the u.s.?
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soft drinks.
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soft drinks are...
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the major contributor to sugar in the u.s.
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the simplest form of sugar are...
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monosaccharide's -- glucose, fructose, galactose
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glucose is also known as..
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blood sugar
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what are the homrones that regulate blood sugar?
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glucagon, epinephrine, & insulin
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glucagon, epinephrine, & insulin are the hormones that regulate...
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blood sugar
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lactose is found in..
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milk
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where is insulin produced?
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pancreas
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most americans do not consume teh recommeneded amount of...
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daily fiber
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honey should NOT be fed to..
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infants
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what is the primary substance that fuels the brain & the centarl nervous system?
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glucose
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glucose is the primary substance that...
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fuels the brain & the central nervous system
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carboyhydrate digetion begins..
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in the mouth
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complex carboyhydrates are made up off...
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starch, glycogen, & non digestible fiber
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what is the largest category of lipsds?
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triglycerides
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triglycerides make up...
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fats & oils
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fats that are liquid at room temperature have....
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the shortest carbon chains
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fats that are solid at room temperatrue have..
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longer carbon chains
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lipd carbon chains range from
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4-24 carbons in length
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fats supply...
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60% of the body's resting energy needs
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what are some rich sources of omega 3 fatty acids?
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salmon, soybean oil, & flaxseed oil
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salmon, soybean oil, & flaxseed oil are...
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rich sources of omega 3 fatty acids
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what do fats provide?
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energy, insulation, & transport vitamins
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what is visceral fat?
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fat stored around the organs
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fat stored around the organs are known as..
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visceral fat
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what is subcutaneous fat or body fat?
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fat stored beneath the skin
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fat stored beneath the skin is known as...
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subcutaneous fat or body fat
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fats pass through the intestinal walll in the form of..
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monoglycerides
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olestra is...
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a fat substitue
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a poly unsaturated fat contains..
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two or more double bonds
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trans fat have what shape?
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a straight carbon chain
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polyunsatured fats have what shape?
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a bent carbon chain
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the increased availability of reduced or no fat has not...
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decreased the fat consumption of most Americans
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trigycerides are generally..
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insoluble in water
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hydrogenation produces...
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Trans fattty acids
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nearly all metabolic reasions in the body use...
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water
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2/3's of the body's water is contained in..
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the intracellular compartments
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what is the process that moves fluid through the cell membrane
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osmosis
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what is osmosis
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the process that moves fluid through the cell membrane
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what constriubtes the most sodium to the American diet?
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processed food
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processed food contributes
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the most sodium to the american diet
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what is stored in bone?
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magnesium, phosphorus, & calcium
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bottled water is NOT
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more healthy than tap water.. in MOST cases
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what are osteoblasts?
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cells that build bone
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cells that build bone are knnown as..
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osteoblasts
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the body has NO
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capability to store spare water
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major minerals are those the body requires...
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100 milligrams or more per day
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trace minterals are those the body requires..
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less than 100 milligrams per day
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most sodium is located..
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outside the celllll
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most potassium is located..
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inside the cellllll
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the 3 muscle types are....
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smooth, cardiac, & skeletal
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what is the only muscle type under conscious control?
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skeletal
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what are the pirmary types of muscle fibers?
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fast twitch & slow twitch
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anaerobic systems are without
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oxygen
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anaerobic systems include...
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the ATP-CP system (0-15 seconds)
the lactic adid system (15 seconds- 2 minutes) |
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aerobic systems are with..
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oxygen
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aerobic systems use..
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fat to fuel it
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aerobic systems are useful for..
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endurance long distance
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what acccounts for muscle fatigue?
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acidification of the muscle cells Ph
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what is "hitting the wall"
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running out of muscle glycogen
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what is the best meal pattern?
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eating small frequent meals
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the main source of carboyhydrates in an athletes meal should come from..
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breads, cereals, & grains
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water alone is generally adequate for ehydration for all activites that lasst less than..
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60 minutes
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the presence of glucose is desirable in a spots drink with a solution of
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4-8%
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the average healthy man has how much body fat?
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15%
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the average healthy woman has how much body fat?
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25%
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genes determind the amount of..
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fast/slow twich muscle fibers
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during high intensity activity, the primary energy source is..
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glucose
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active people cannot rely on their thirsst signal to consume..
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adequate amounts of water
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