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101 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What are the most common influences in food choice?
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Taste and Texture
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What is the life span of the human body?
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120 years
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What is the average US life expectancy? Male? Female?
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75-80 years
Male 74.8 Female 80.1 |
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What are centenarians?
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100 years or older
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How many super centenarians are in Nebraska?
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19
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What two lifestyle choices are the most important?
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Exercise and nutrition
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How many defective genes are you born with?
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6-7
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How many chronic diseases does the average American have after the age of 18?
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7
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How people live and the environment factors that influence them.
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Nurture
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Each person's genetic potential to be expressed.
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Nature
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Health of the body depends on four interrelated factors (percentage too)
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Health Care 10%
Environmental conditions 20% Lifestyle choices 50% Genetic makeup 20% |
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Know some of the 15 leading causes of death in US.
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Heart Disease, cancer, stroke, chronic lower respiratory disease, unintentional injuries, diabetes, Alzheimer's, influenza and pneumonia, kidney disease, septicemia, suicide, chronic liver disease and cirrhosis, hypertension, Parkinson's, homicide
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The american diet is high in ____, ____, ____, and _____ and low in ____, ________, and ____.
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Fat, calories, salt, sugar, fiber, vegetables, fruit
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The process by which carbohydrates (fruits and grains) are converted to ethanol by the action of the enzymes in yeast
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fermentation
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a heating process that increases alcohol content by evaporation and trapping the purified alcohol
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distillation
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What disease or disorder is directly tied to saturated fat, cholesterol, low intakes of V & M, low intakes of F&V and excessive body fat?
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heart disease
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What disease or disorder is directly tied to low F&V, low fiber intakes, high saturated fat?
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Cancer
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What disease or disorder is directly tied to excessive body fat, low F&V and high saturated fat?
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diabetes
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What disease or disorder is directly tied to excessive alcohol intake and poor overall diet?
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cirrhosis of the liver
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What disease or disorder is directly tied to high sodium, high alcohol, excessive body fat?
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hypertension
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What disease or disorder is directly tied to low iron intake?
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iron-deficiency anemia
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What disease or disorder is directly tied to excessive sugar intake and inadequate fluoride?
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tooth decay and gum disease
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What disease or disorder is directly tied to inadequate calcium and VD?
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Osteoporosis
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What disease or disorder is directly tied to excessive calorie intake and high fat diet?
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Obesity
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Percentage of alcohol the beverage contains (definition)
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proof
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The percentage of alcohol present in your blood
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BAC-blood alcohol concentration
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What is moderate drinking defined by the USDA?
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1 drink per day for women and 2 drinks per day for men
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Which type of drink seems to have the most benefits? Why?
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Red Wine, antioxidents
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What is considered heavy drinking?
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14 a week for men and 7 a week for women
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An illness characterized by a dependence on alcohol and by a level of alcohol intake that interferes with health, family and social relations, job performance: a loss of control
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alcoholism
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How many calories per gram does alcohol provide?
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7
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How much of alcohol is absorbed in the stomach? SI?
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20%, 80%
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How long does it take for about one drink to metabolize?
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one hour
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How many college kids die each year from alcohol related things?
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1400
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Scarring of the liver and formation of fibrous tissues (definition)
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cirrhosis of the liver
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characteristics: short nose with a flattened bridge, eyelids with extra folds, thin upper lip with no groove below the nose, growth deficiency and mental retardation
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FAS: Fetal Alcohol Syndrome
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What is halitosis?
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bad breath caused by bacteria on the tongue and infection from stomach
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When arteries are narrowed by ____%, the shortage of blood to the heart can produce chest pain
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50
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Deposits of cholesterol, fats, calcium and cell materials in the lining of the inner wall of the arteries
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plaque
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Closure of artery, blood clot
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coronary thrombosis
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Closure of artery, plaque
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coronary occlusion
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death of heart tissue
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myocardial infarction
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hardening of the arteries
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arteriosclerosis
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deposits of plaque, cardiovascular area
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atherosclerosis
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plaque buildup disorders found in arteries of the heart, brain, and other organs and tissue
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cardiovascular disease
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What is cancer?
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Uncontrolled and abnormal growth of cells that can spread throughout the body
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How many cells in the body divide in a minute?
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10 million
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What are the stages of progression?
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Initiation stage, promotion stage, progression stage
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The body loses control over the abnormal cells and the abnormal cells grow and interfere with the normal functions of the tissue in what stage of progression?
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Progression
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This is during the start of cancer development, something alters the DNA in this stage of progression.
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Initiation
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In this stage of progression, the cells with altered DNA divide and produce large numbers of abnormal cells (10-30 years)
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Promotion
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What percentage of cancers are dietary factors related to?
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35%
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Disorders resulting from one abnormal gene, over 800 have been discovered, many of these change nutrient needs
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single gene defects
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Lack of an enzyme that causes phenylalanine to build up in the blood
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Phenylketonuria (PKU)
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Disorder caused by a genetic deficiency of a protein that helps regulate iron absorption (absorb too much iron)
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hemochromatosis
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What is the average BMI for models?
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16.3
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The average model is how tall and weighs how much?
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5'11" 117lbs
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What is the most common New Year's resolution?
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Go on a diet
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What is the average age of first diet today?
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8
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ED involving a psychological loss or denial of appetite and self-starvation, resulting in part from a distorted body image and various social pressures
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Anorexia Nervosa
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ED in which large quantities of food are eaten at one time (bingeing) then self-induced elimination of food by vomiting, laxatives, excessive exercise, diuretics or purging occurs
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Bulimia Nervosa
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ED in which the individual periodically binge eats but usually does not throw up, binge eating without purging.
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Binge-Eating disorder (compulsive overeating)
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ED in which the parent uses a diet designed for an adult, not realizing children's needs are different
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Baryophobia
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ED in which an individual consumes items that are nonfood (models and tissue paper)
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PICA
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What are some behavioral characteristics of EDs?
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Excessive dieting, fasting restricted diet, food rituals, preoccupation with body
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What are some emotional and mental characteristics of EDs?
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intense fear of becoming fat, depression, social isolation, perfectionistic, low self worth
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What are some physical characteristics of EDs?
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low body weight, lanugo, heart arrhythmia, thinning hair, lowered body temp
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The ideal body image for women has generally stabilized at __-__% below healthy weight
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13-19%
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How many calories are absorbed before purging?
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1/3
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What are the three factors of female athlete triad?
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abnormal eating patterns, excessive exercising, premature osteoporosis (amenorrhea)
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In the athlete's diet, small meals should be eaten every __-__ hours throughout the day.
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3-4
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What does the athlete want to consume to use as fuel during prolonged exercise?
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Carbs
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This is essential for muscle gain and repair.
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protein
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in order to lose weight and to gain bigger muscles, what kind of workout must be done first?
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resistance
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the biochemical pathways used by the body are largely dependent upon two facets of exercise:
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intensity and duration
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What are the three paths to energy?
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Immediate energy system (ATP-PC), glycolysis (anaerobic), aerobic
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What are the main source of energy for activities of low to moderate intensity and during long distance runs?
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fats
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What are the three E's of nutrition?
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Essential nutrition for survival
Essential nutrition for optimal health Essential nutrition for maximum athletic performance |
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muscles use what three things for fuel?
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fat, glucose, amino acids
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What is the right balance of carbs, proteins and fat?
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C 60-65%
P 10-15% F 20-30% |
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A loss of __-__% of body water can be fatal.
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9-12
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What is a realistic weight gain?
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1/2 a lb per week
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What are the three basic purposes of food?
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provide energy, regulate metabolic processes, support growth and development
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The application of nutritional principles to sport with the intent of maximizing performance
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sport nutrition
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commercial food products targeted to athletes and physically active individuals containing various concentrations of carbohydrates, fat and protein; some products contain other nutrients, such as antioxidants
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sports bars
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popular term for various glucose-electrolyte fluid replacement drinks
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sports drink
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commercial food products targeted to athletes consisting primarily of carbohydrate in a gel form
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sports gel
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infusion of red blood cells to increase the oxygen-carrying ability of the blood, does work, considered unethical
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blood doping
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derivatives of testosterone, works but has serious health consequences
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steroids
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What are the three major factors affecting performance?
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genetics, training and nutrition
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Nutrition and physical performance depends on...
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glycogen stores, hydration and fluid balance
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slow down because there is no longer stored muscle glycogen, (pace depends on how well you can use stored liver glycogen and fat)
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hitting the wall
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exhaustion because there is no longer stored muscle or liver glycogen
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bonking
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Carbs stay in the stomach a shorter time than protein and should be consumed ___, ___ and ____ the event
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pre, post and during
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Loss of __% of the body's water will effect performance
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2
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Do not rely on ____ as an indicator of dehydration.
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Thirst
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Help the body maintain a proper amount of fluid: sodium, potassium and chloride
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electrolytes
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A solid meal should be eaten about ___-___ hours prior to competition.
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3-4
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Pregame meal should consist of how many calories?
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500-600
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You should start drinking water at least ____ minutes before competition to provide adequate amount.
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30
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T or F
Ingestion of food just prior to competition is just fine. |
false, it will not benefit physical performance in most athletic events
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