Reading...
Play button
Play button
Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
36 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
What limits the maximum DMI for cows?
|
Total Energy Intake
-Blood glucose & Fatness of animal GI Fill -There will be less fill w/ more digestible diets. |
|
|
What AA is associated with fog fever?
|
Tryptophan
-The microbes are not used to the excess tryptophan and converit ti to trimethylindole (TMI) which is toxic. Signs: Inc. respiratory rate & loud breath sounds. No Rx. |
|
|
How much should a weaned beef calf weigh?
|
200-300 kg
|
|
|
When does maximum DMI for beef cows occur?
|
AFTER peak lactation
|
|
|
How much water does a beef cow consume in one day?
|
25-65 Liters
|
|
|
Hay is approximately _____% dry matter and silages is approximately ______% dry matter.
|
Hay = 90 %
Silage = 30% |
|
|
What season are beef calves generally weaned?
|
Fall
|
|
|
What percentage of body weight in dry matter can a cow eat during period 1?
|
2.5%
Period 1 (days 0-80) is in the spring when there's calving and peak lactation. Energy req. are at their highest, and the cow's uterus will involute and start cycling again. |
|
|
Red clover has a similar nurtient composition as ________, but can cause ____________ if it gets fungal growth.
|
-Similar nutrient composition to alfalfa but lower CP
-Fungal contamination = Slaframines. Can cause slobbering, piloerection, and respiratory issues |
|
|
Alsike clover can cause what problems?
|
Alsike clover poisoning =
Hepatic encephalopathy |
|
|
What are the benefits for a high roughage diet for horses?
|
It helps prevent cribbing and ulcers
|
|
|
How does exercise/lactation influence a horse's DE requirements?
|
Light work +25%
Medium work +50% Lactation +75% Heavy work +100% |
|
|
What is the maintenance DE requirement for a 500kg horse?
|
16.4 Mcals
|
|
|
What are fructans, when are they highest, and why are they dangerous?
|
They are the storage carbohydrate of grasses
Highest in late spring grasses Dangerous because they are not digestable by mammalian enzymes, so they escape the SI and get rapidly fermented in the LI. TWICE as dangerous as starch. |
|
|
What happens when things are rapidly fermented in the large intestine?
|
Lactic acid produced --> lowers pH
Destruction/inflammation of the gut wall ---> colic and diarrhea Absorption of toxins Laminitis |
|
|
How can you tell if a pasture is adequate for a horse/horses?
|
Condition of horses
Condition of pasture Analysis -is DE sufficient to support energy requirements? -Are nutrients in the correct ratio? |
|
|
What are some problems with feeding horses fibrous grasses?
|
-Low protein content
-Low palatability -Predisposes to colic |
|
|
What is the maximal dry matter intake for horses at:
maintenance? peak lactation? growth? |
Maintenance = 1.5% - 2% BW
Lactation = 3% BW Growth= 2% - 3.5% |
|
|
What are the NSC's?
|
NSC- Non-Structural Carbohydrate
-Sugars, fructans, and starches |
|
|
What is a possible problem with bermuda grass?
|
Rapidly becomes fibrous --> impaction colic
|
|
|
What are potential problems with tall fescue?
|
Endophytic Fungus
-Poor growth -Prolonged gestation & agalactia in mares -Increased foal mortality |
|
|
How much poor quality 1.5 Mcal DE/kg DM would a 500 kg horse need for maintenance?
|
500 kg horse needs 16.4 Mcals for maintenance.
16.4 Mcals/1.5 Mcals = 10.93 kg Feed horse 11 kg as fed. |
|
|
How much DE does a horse performing light work require?
|
Normally, requires 16.4 Mcals, but light work increases the need by 25%. Total DE becomes 20.5 Mcals.
|
|
|
What are types of fat supplements for horses?
|
Corn oil
Soy oil Rice bran |
|
|
DE value... Vegetable oil vs. Oats
Which one is better as an energy supplement? |
Vegetable oils!!!
Vegetable oil = 9.2 Mcal/kg Oats= 3.2 Mcal/kg |
|
|
What type of horse is at risk for ulcers, and how can you help prevent them?
|
Performance horses
--> Feeding alfalfa is protective. The Ca buffers the pH of the stomach. Avoid high grain meals, and make roughage continuously available. |
|
|
What hay is known for blister beetles?
|
Alfalfa
--> Causes colic and renal disease |
|
|
What is a cause of heaves?
|
Moldy hay
--> Allergic rxns. |
|
|
What is the main response to prolonged negative energy balance?
|
Fat mobilization
|
|
|
How many days are needed to safely change a horses diet?
|
10 days
--> faster can increase chances of laminitis and colic |
|
|
What plant is linseed from?
|
Flax
Flaxseed oil = linseed oil |
|
|
When are lambs weaned?
|
50-70 days
|
|
|
What are the DMI's of lambs?
|
Lactation: 3.5 - 4%
Growing: 2.5 - 3.5% Finishing: 3 - 4% Maintenance: 1.7% |
|
|
Cows introduced to concentrates to quickly can suffer from ______.
|
Ruminal acidosis
|
|
|
The optimum time for a heifer to have her first calf is at _____ months of age?
|
24 months
|
|
|
Why are dairy cows in negative energy balance during early lactation?
|
Cows reach peak milk production 4-6 weeks after calving, but do not reach peak DMI until 8-11 weeks after calving.
|
