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75 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
Zinc is a coenzyme for _______production.
Part of the enzyme sys. ____________ |
hemoglobin
superoxide dismustase |
|
|
Copper is a coenzye for _____________ production.
|
Collagen.
|
|
|
Anemia is-
|
condition w/ low hemoglobin levels
|
|
|
Iron-deficient anemia results in
|
small RBC's that do not carry enough hemoglobin (microcytic anemia)
|
|
|
Macrocytic anemia- caused by ________deficiency. Large BC, not enough hemoglobin.
|
folate( needed to create hemo globin)
|
|
|
Pernicious Anemia- due to loss of
|
gastric production of intrinsic factor - protein required for b12 absorption. In people who consume little b12
|
|
|
Sources of Vit D
|
fortified foods- milk
|
|
|
Too much Vit D results in
|
hypercalcemia
|
|
|
Phylloquinone
|
plant form of Vit. K
|
|
|
Menaquinone
|
Animal form of Vit. K
|
|
|
Phosphorous is the primary _________ ___________charged electrolyte
|
intracellular negatively
|
|
|
Functions of phosphorous
|
critical to bone mineral comp.
component of ATP, DNA, RNA, cell membranes |
|
|
Too much Phosphorous
|
hyperphosphetemia- muscle spasms, convulsions
|
|
|
Function of Mg
|
helps make up bone structure
cofactor for more than 300 enzymes used to treat alcoholism, alzheimer's |
|
|
function and sources of fluoride
|
development and maintenance of bones and teeth, forms flurohydroxyapatite (with calcium and phosphorous)
-dental products, tap water |
|
|
too much fluroide
too little Fl |
fluorosis
cavities |
|
|
osteoporosis os characterized by (5)
|
low bone mass
deterioration of bone tissue fragile bone, bone fractures compaction of bone, low height shortening + hunching of spine |
|
|
risk factors osteoporosis
|
age( bone mass decreases w/ age, age hormones influence bone density)
gender(80% women, estrogen loss) genetics nutrition phys. activity ( bone stress can increase bone D) |
|
|
When evaluating body weight, besides actual weight, also consider:
|
BMI
body comp. pattern of fat distribution |
|
|
eq. for BMI
|
kg/m squared
|
|
|
Body comp can be measured by (6)
|
Underwater weighing
skinfold measurements bioelectric impedance analysis near infrared reactance Bod Pod and Pea Pod DXA- the standard one |
|
|
gaining/losing weight depends on
|
energy balance
genetic factos childhood factos behavorial factors social factors |
|
|
energy balance occurs when
|
E intake=E expenditure
|
|
|
Basal Metabolic RAte
________ increases it __________ decreases it |
E for resting functions
lean tissue age |
|
|
thermic effect of food is
|
the energy required to process food
|
|
|
Genetic factors account for __% of a person's body fat
|
25
|
|
|
Thrifty Gene Theory
|
gene/s cause people to be energetically thrifty- expend lesss energy- gain weight
|
|
|
Set Point Theory
|
The body has a set weight and adjusts for changes in E balance to maintain that weight
|
|
|
Leptin Theory
Leptin is |
a hormone causing reduced food intake, reduced body weight, decreased body fat- controlled by ob gene. When ob gene is mutated, food intake goes up, e goes down, weight is gained
|
|
|
appetite
hunger satiety |
psychological drive to eat
Physiological drive to eat lack of hunger |
|
|
social factors influencing our diet
|
holidays
family/cultural traditions easy access to high fat foods less phy. active lifestyles perfect body image |
|
|
effective weight loss includes
|
portion control
exercise limit of high fat/ energy foods |
|
|
effective weight gain
|
resistance training
avoidance of tobacco balanced diet freq.; eating |
|
|
underwight BMI
|
18.5 or lower
|
|
|
overweight BMI
|
25- 29.9
|
|
|
obesity BMi
|
30-39.9
|
|
|
morbidly obese BMI
|
>40
|
|
|
low carb diet
|
limited friuts and vegs- micronutrients
limited fiber high in sat. and total fat higher satiation -ketosis -constipation -high renal workload |
|
|
low fat
|
rich in fruits and vegs
high in fiber high satiation |
|
|
______of body fluid is intracelluar
|
2/3
|
|
|
extracellular fluids include:
tissue fluid- plasma- |
fluid btw cells in tissues and organs
fluid portion of bl. |
|
|
+ electrolytes
-electrolytes |
Na, K (xcellular
Cl,P(intracellular) |
|
|
Blood volume is
|
the amount of fluid in the blood
|
|
|
2 ways fluids help maintain body temp.
|
heat capacity of water keeps it stable
through sweating |
|
|
fluids protect and help lubricates body tissues
brain and spinal cord fetus joints |
cerebrospinal
amniotic synovial |
|
|
too much fluroide
too little Fl |
fluorosis
cavities |
|
|
osteoporosis os characterized by (5)
|
low bone mass
deterioration of bone tissue fragile bone, bone fractures compaction of bone, low height shortening + hunching of spine |
|
|
risk factors osteoporosis
|
age( bone mass decreases w/ age, age hormones influence bone density)
gender(80% women, estrogen loss) genetics nutrition phys. activity ( bone stress can increase bone D) |
|
|
When evaluating body weight, besides actual weight, also consider:
|
BMI
body comp. pattern of fat distribution |
|
|
eq. for BMI
|
kg/m squared
|
|
|
Body comp can be measured by (6)
|
Underwater weighing
skinfold measurements bioelectric impedance analysis near infrared reactance Bod Pod and Pea Pod DXA- the standard one |
|
|
gaining/losing weight depends on
|
energy balance
genetic factos childhood factos behavorial factors social factors |
|
|
energy balance occurs when
|
E intake=E expenditure
|
|
|
Basal Metabolic RAte
________ increases it __________ decreases it |
E for resting functions
lean tissue age |
|
|
thermic effect of food is
|
the energy required to process food
|
|
|
Genetic factors account for __% of a person's body fat
|
25
|
|
|
Thrifty Gene Theory
|
gene/s cause people to be energetically thrifty- expend lesss energy- gain weight
|
|
|
Set Point Theory
|
The body has a set weight and adjusts for changes in E balance to maintain that weight
|
|
|
Leptin Theory
Leptin is |
a hormone causing reduced food intake, reduced body weight, decreased body fat- controlled by ob gene. When ob gene is mutated, food intake goes up, e goes down, weight is gained
|
|
|
appetite
hunger satiety |
psychological drive to eat
Physiological drive to eat lack of hunger |
|
|
Zinc is a coenzyme for _______production.
Part of the enzyme sys. ____________ |
hemoglobin
superoxide dismustase |
|
|
Copper is a coenzye for _____________ production.
|
Collagen.
|
|
|
Anemia is-
|
condition w/ low hemoglobin levels
|
|
|
Iron-deficient anemia results in
|
small RBC's that do not carry enough hemoglobin (microcytic anemia)
|
|
|
Macrocytic anemia- caused by ________deficiency. Large BC, not enough hemoglobin.
|
folate( needed to create hemo globin)
|
|
|
Pernicious Anemia- due to loss of
|
gastric production of intrinsic factor - protein required for b12 absorption. In people who consume little b12
|
|
|
Sources of Vit D
|
fortified foods- milk
|
|
|
Too much Vit D results in
|
hypercalcemia
|
|
|
Phylloquinone
|
plant form of Vit. K
|
|
|
Menaquinone
|
Animal form of Vit. K
|
|
|
Phosphorous is the primary _________ ___________charged electrolyte
|
intracellular negatively
|
|
|
Functions of phosphorous
|
critical to bone mineral comp.
component of ATP, DNA, RNA, cell membranes |
|
|
Too much Phosphorous
|
hyperphosphetemia- muscle spasms, convulsions
|
|
|
Function of Mg
|
helps make up bone structure
cofactor for more than 300 enzymes used to treat alcoholism, alzheimer's |
|
|
function and sources of fluoride
|
development and maintenance of bones and teeth, forms flurohydroxyapatite (with calcium and phosphorous)
-dental products, tap water |
