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44 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What percentage of an adult's weight is fluids?
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50-70%
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Intracellular fluid comprises what fraction of total body fluid?
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2/3
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Extracellular fluid comprises what fraction of total body fluid?
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1/3
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What is the fluid between cells that make up a particular tissue or organ?
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Interstitial fluid
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What is interstitial fluid?
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fluid between cells that make up a particular tissue or organ
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Where is intravascular fluid found?
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In the blood and lymph.
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Is fluid content higher in lean tissue or fatty tissue?
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Lean tissue
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What are the predominant electrolytes of extracellular fluid?
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Sodium
Chloride |
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What are the predominant electrolytes of intracellular fluid?
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Potassium
Phosphorus |
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What must happen before fatty substances can be transported through body fluids?
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Must be attached to or surrounded by water-soluble proteins
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What organ helps regulate blood volume and blood pressure?
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Kidneys
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What does ADH stand for?
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Antidiuretic hormone
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What does ADH do?
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Stimulates the kidneys to reabsorb water, reducing urine
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What does renin respond to?
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Decreased blood pressure
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Angiotensin II does what?
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Increases blood pressure
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Aldosterone signals the kidneys to do what?
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Retain sodium and chloride
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What causes the kidneys to retain sodium and chloride?
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Aldosterone
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What force keeps electrolytes from drawing liquid toward them across a semipermeable membrane?
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Osmotic pressure
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Electrolytes help regulate what?
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Fluid balance
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Electrolytes help nerves do what?
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Respond to stimuli
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Which electrolytes play a critical role in electrical charges across membranes?
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Sodium
Potassium |
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What electrolyte plays a large role in muscle contractions?
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Calcium
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Does Ca2+ enter or leave the cell upon contraction?
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enter
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When Ca2+ has vacated the muscle cells, is the muscle contracted or relaxed?
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Relaxed
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Metabolic reactions contribute what percent of our daily water needs?
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10-14%
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Which is higher: daily recommended intake of Sodium or Potassium?
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Potassium
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Excessive intake of Sodium can lead to increased urinary excretion of what?
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Calcium
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What is hypernatremia?
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Abnormally high blood sodium concentration
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People with congestive heart failure or kidney disease cannot do what?
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Effectively excrete sodium
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What effect does high potassium intake have on blood pressure?
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Helps maintain lower blood pressure
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What are good sources of potassium?
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Fresh fruit
vegetables legumes whole grains |
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What is hyperkalemia?
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The state of high blood potassium levels
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What are the effects of hyperkalemia?
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Altered heart rhythm
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How does chloride aid in digestion?
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As a component of hydrochloric acid
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What does chloride assist in?
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Digestion
Immune system transmission of nerve impulses |
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Phosphorus plays roles in what processes?
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Bone formation
fluid balance activation/deactivation of enzymes |
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Where is phosphorus found?
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ATP
DNA RNA cell membranes (phospholipids) lipoproteins |
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Dietary sources of phosphorus?
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Meat
Milk Eggs Soft drinks |
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What is the plant storage form of phosphorus?
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Phytic acid
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Excess vitamin D supplements increases the blood levels of what electrolyte?
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Phosphorus
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What is primary (or essential) hypertension?
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Hypertension, where the cause is unknown
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What causes secondary hypertension?
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kidney disease
sleep apnea chronic alcohol abuse |
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What percentage of cases of hypertension are primary (or essential)?
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90-95%
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What percentage of cases of hypertension are secondary?
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5-10%
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