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21 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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9 essential amino acids
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Threonine
Valine Tryptophan Isoleucine Leucine Lysine Phenylalanine Methionine Histidine |
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What makes each amino acid different from others?
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side groups
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Each amino acid contains...(chemistry)
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amino group, acid group, hydrogen atom, and side group, all attached to a central carbon atom
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Protein digestion in the stomach
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partial breakdown (hydrolysis) of proteins
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Protein digestion in the small intestine
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hydrolyzed into short peptide chains
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How many different kinds of proteins are there?
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30,000
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Protein synthesis depends on a diet that provides what two things?
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adequate protein and essential amino acids
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Two major steps to transform the info in DNA into the appropriate sequence of amino acids needed to make a specific protein....
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Transcription and translation
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What determines the shape of each protein?
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the sequence of amino acids
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Roles of proteins
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Form building blocks of muscles, blood, and skin
Replace dead or damaged cells Act as enzymes Hormone-some hormones are proteins Regulate fluid balance, Regulate balance between acids and bases, Transporters, Antibodies, Source of Energy and Glucose, Blood Clotting, Vision |
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What 2 factors influence protein quality?
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Protein's digestability and amino acid composition
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2 forms of PEM:
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Marasmus and kwashiorkor
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PEM =
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Protein-energy malnutrition
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Marasmus
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chronic PEM; inadequate energy and protein intake
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Kwashiorkor
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Acute PEM; protein deficiency or brought on by measles or other infection; swollen abdomen...
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Health Effects of high-protein diets
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heart disease, cancer, osteoporosis, obesity, and kidney stones
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RDA for protein
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0.8 grams per kilogram of weight, per day
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What are the 3 branched-chain amino acids?
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leucine, isoleucine, and valine
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In the stomach, hydrochloric acid:
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Denatures proteins and activates pepsin
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Proteins that facilitate chemical reactions are:
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enzymes
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Protein turnover describes the amount of protein:
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synthesized and degraded
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