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24 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Carbs
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Carbon hydrogen and oxygen
4 kcal/gram a primary energy source for brain, nerves |
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Simple Carbs =
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mono and disaccharides
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Complex Carbs =
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Polysaccharides (starch and glycogen) and Dietary Fibers
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health concerns on simple carbs =
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tooth decay
weight gain increases risk of heart disease |
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Saccharin
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sweet n' low
300x more sweeter no digestable = no kcal banned in 1977 till 2001 because experiment couldn't be repeated |
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Aspartame
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Equal and Nutrasweet
amino acids = 4 kcal 200x sweeter won't heat allergies are common |
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Sucralose
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splenda
has chloride which keeps body from digesting it 600x sweeter heat stable |
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Sorbitol
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in chewing gum
2-3 kcal/gram prevents tooth decay large amts cause diarrhea |
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Glycogen
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storage form of carbs in animals
good specifically liver and muscles for us |
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Health benefits of insoluble dietary fibers
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attracts water, adds mass to feces, helps constipation, hemorrhoids, diverticulits, colon cancer
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health benefits of soluble dietary fibers
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lowers blood cholesterol
slows glucose absorption |
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Dietary fiber and weight control:
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fills the stomach
satiety low in kcal |
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recommended fiber intake:
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women AI 25g/day
men AI 38g/day avg intake women 13g/day avg intake men 17g/day |
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what is too much fiber?
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60g/day or more
filling the stomach makes it difficult to meet energy needs causes gay GI obstruction binds minerals |
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Starch Digestion:
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mouth secretes salivary amylase by salivary glands
stomach inactivates the salivary amylase small intestines - pancreas releases pancreatic amylase |
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digestion and absorption of carbs in small intestines :
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maltose enzyme MALTASE
sucrose enzyme SUCRASE lactose enzyme LACTASE |
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normal range of blood glucose levels:
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70-100mg/dL
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Blood glucose is essential for:
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brain, nervous system and red blood cells
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How does your body keep your blood glucose levels in range?
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eat
blood glucose levels are elevated pancreas releases insulin that pushes glucose into cells conversion of glucose to glycogen if glucose isn't used immediately |
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Type 1 Diabetes:
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hyperglycemia
pancreas doesn't produce insulin rare |
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Type 2 Diabetes:
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most common
insulin resistant treat by healthy body weight, exercise, reg. small meals and low glycemic foods |
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Low vs. High Glycemic response:
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low=foods that take a long time to digest
high= foods that digest quickly (candy) |
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Glycemic Index:
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first given reference food (pure glucose)
then given test food - then measures blood glucose >70 = high GI |
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If body doesn't have alot of glucose (or glycogen):
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blood glucose levels drop
pancreas releases glucogon causes breakdown of glycogen to glucose (only in liver not muscles) synthesis of glucose |
