Nutrition Chapter 10

Front 1

What are the water-soluble vitamins?

Back 1

B Vitamins, Thiamin, Riboflavin, Niacin, Biotin, Pantothenic Acid, Vitamin B6, Vitamin B12, Vitamin C, Folate

Front 2

Bioavailability

Back 2

the rate at and extent to which a nutrient is absorbed & used.

Front 3

Precursors

Back 3

substances that precede others; with regard to vitamins, compounds that can be converted into active vitamins; aka provitamins.

Front 4

Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome

Back 4

severe thiamin deficiency. symptoms include disorientation, loss of short-term memory and jerky eye movements.

Front 5

Thiamin

Back 5

a B vitamin. the coenzyme form is TPP (thiamin pyrophosphate)

Front 6

Beriberi

Back 6

the thiamin-deficiency disease.
ex) white rice caused deficiency in China.

Front 7

Riboflavin

Back 7

a B vitamin. The coenzyme forms are FMN and FAD.
Flavin mononucleotide and flavin adenine dinucleotide.

Front 8

Ariboflavinosis

Back 8

riboflavin deficiency

Front 9

Niacin

Back 9

a B vitamin. the coenzyme forms are NAD and NADP. niacin can be eaten preformed or made in the body from its precursor, tryptophan.

Front 10

Niacin Equivalents (NE)

Back 10

the amount of niacin present in food, including the niacin that can theoretically be made from its precursor, tryptophan, present in the food.

Front 11

Pellagra

Back 11

the niacin-deficiency disease. rough skin.

Front 12

Niacin Flush

Back 12

a temporary burning, tingling, and itching sensation that occurs when a person takes a large dose of nicotinic acid; often accompanied by a headache and reddened face, arms and chest.

Front 13

Biotin

Back 13

a B vitamin that functions as a coenzyme in metabolism.

Front 14

Avidin

Back 14

the protein in egg whites that binds biotin.

Front 15

Pantothenic Acid

Back 15

a B vitamin. the principal active form is part of coenzyme A, called "CoA".

Front 16

Vitamin B6

Back 16

a family of compounds--pyridoxal, pyridoxine, and pyridoxamine. The primary active coenzyme form is PLP. (pyridoxal phosphate)

Front 17

Antagonist

Back 17

a competing factor that counteracts the action of another factor. When a drug displaces a vitamin from its site of action, the drug renders the vitamin ineffective and thus acts as a vitamin antagonist

Front 18

Carpel tunnel syndrome

Back 18

a pinched nerve at the wrist, causing pain or numbness in the hand. It is often caused by repetitive motion of the wrist.

Front 19

Folate

Back 19

also known as folic acid. b vitamin. the coenzyme forms are DHF and THF.

Front 20

Dietary Folate Equivalents

Back 20

the amount of folate available to the body from naturally occuring sources, fortified foods, and supplements, accounting for differences in the bioavailability from eachsource.

Front 21

Neural Tube Defects

Back 21

malformation of the brain, spinal cord, or both during embryonic development that often result in lifelong disabililty or death.

Front 22

Macrocytic anemia/Megaloblastic anemia

Back 22

Large-cell anemia

Front 23

Vitamin B12

Back 23

a B vitamin characterized by the presence of Cobalt. The active forms of coenzyme B12 are methylcobalamin and deoxyadenosylcobalamin.

Front 24

Intrinsic Factor

Back 24

a glycoprotein secreted by the stomach cells that binds with vitamin B12 in the small intestine to aid in the absorption of vitamin B12.

Front 25

Atrophic Gastritis

Back 25

chronic inflammtion of the stomach accompanied by a diminished size and functioning of the mucous membrane and glands.

Front 26

Pernicious Anemia

Back 26

a blood disorder that reflects a vitamin B12 deficiency caused by a lack of intrinsic factor and characterized by abnormally large and immature blood cells. muscle weakness nerve damage.

Front 27

Choline

Back 27

a nitrogen-containing compound found in foods and made in the body from the amino acid methionine. Choline is part of the phospholipid lecithin and the neurotransmitter acetylcholine.

Front 28

Inositol

Back 28

a nonessential nutrient that can be made in the body from glucose. Inositol is a part of cell membrane structures.

Front 29

Carnitine

Back 29

a nonessential, nonprotein amino acid made in the body from lysine that helps transport fatty acids across the mitochondrial membrane.

Front 30

Glossitis

Back 30

B-Vitamin deficiency; characterized by an inflammation of the tongue.

Front 31

Cheilosis

Back 31

a condition of reddened lips with cracks at the corners of the mouth.

Front 32

Scurvy

Back 32

the Vitamin C deficiency disease

Front 33

Antiscorbutic Factor

Back 33

the original name for Vitamin C

Front 34

Ascorbic Acid

Back 34

one of the 2 active forms of Vitamin C.

Front 35

Antioxidant

Back 35

a substance in foods that significantly decreases the adverse effects of free radicals on normal physiological functions in the human body.

Front 36

Free Radicals

Back 36

unstable molecules with one or more unpaired electrons

Front 37

Oxidative Stress

Back 37

a condition in which the production of oxidants and free radicals exceeds the body's ability to handle them and prevent damage.

Front 38

Histamine

Back 38

a substance produced by cells of the immune system as part of a local immune reaction to an antigen; participates in causing inflammation.

Front 39

Gout

Back 39

a metabolic disease in which uric acid crystals precipitate in the joints.

Front 40

False Postive

Back 40

a test result indicating that a condition is present (positive) when in fact it is not. (therefore false)

Front 41

False Negative

Back 41

a test result indicating that a condition is not present (negative) when in fact it is present (therefore false)