Nutrition Chapter 10

Front 1

Vitamins

Back 1

organic, essential nutrients required in tiny amounts to perform specific functions that promote growth, reproduction, or the maintenance of health and life.

Front 2

How do vitamins differ from carbohydrates, fats, and proteins?

Back 2

structure, function, and food contents

Front 3

What type of measurement are vitamins' amounts measured in? (what units?)

Back 3

micrograms or milligrams

Front 4

Bioavailability

Back 4

the rate at and the extent to which a nutrient is absorbed and used.

Front 5

Determining bioavailability of a vitamin depends on what factors?

Back 5

efficiency of digestion and time of transit through the GI tract, previous nutrient intake and nutrition status, method of food preparation, source of the nutrient, and other foods consumed at the same time.

Front 6

Precursors

Back 6

aka Provitamins; compounds that can be converted into active vitamins

Front 7

What are the 8 B vitamins?

Back 7

thiamin, riboflavin, niacin, biotin, panthothenic acid, vitamin b6, folate,and vitamin b12

Front 8

B Vitamins and Vitamin C are __________ vitamins.

Back 8

water-soluble

Front 9

What are the 4 fat-soluble vitamins?

Back 9

A,D,E,K

Front 10

What is the difference between water-soluble and fat-soluble vitamins?

Back 10

water-soluble: move directly into the blood;
fat-soluble: first enter lymph, then the blood

Front 11

Which vitamins have UL?

Back 11

niacin, vitamin b6, folate,choline, and vitamin C

Front 12

Beriberi

Back 12

Thiamin-deficiency disease

Front 13

Dry beriberi

Back 13

damage to nervous system; muscle weakness in arms and legs

Front 14

Wet beriberi

Back 14

damage to cardiovascular system; dilated blood vessels, edema

Front 15

Thiamin is part of coenzyme _____

Back 15

TPP

Front 16

Riboflavin is part of which coenzymes?

Back 16

FMN and FAD

Front 17

Ariboflavinosis

Back 17

Riboflavin-deficiency disease

Front 18

Niacin is part of which coenzymes?

Back 18

NAD and NADP

Front 19

Niacin equivalents (NE)

Back 19

the amount of niacin present in food

Front 20

Niacin can be made from which amino acid?

Back 20

tryptophan

Front 21

Pellagra

Back 21

Niacin-deficiency disease

Front 22

niacin flush

Back 22

a temporary burning, tingling, and itching sensation that occurs when a person takes a large dose of nicotinic acid

Front 23

pharmacological effect

Back 23

when a large dose of a supplement overwhelms some body system and acts like a drug

Front 24

Pantothenic Acid is part of coenzyme ____

Back 24

A

Front 25

3 forms that Vitamin B6 occurs in:

Back 25

pyridoxal, pyridoxine, and pyridoxamine

Front 26

Vitamin b6 is part of which coenzymes?

Back 26

PLP and PMP

Front 27

Drug that acts as a Vitamin b6 antagonist

Back 27

isoniazid

Front 28

isoniazid

Back 28

antagonist to vitamin b6, inhibits growth of tuberculosis bacterium, inactivates vitamin b6

Front 29

Foods deliver folate mostly in the "bound' form. What is "bound" form?

Back 29

combined with a string of amino acids

Front 30

Folate is part of which coenzymes?

Back 30

THF and DHF

Front 31

Vitamin b12 and ______ each depend on each other for activation.

Back 31

folate

Front 32

What are the roles of both vitamin b12 and folate?

Back 32

regeneration of methionine; synthesis of DNA and RNA

Front 33

Pernicious Anemia

Back 33

Vitamin b12 - deficiency disease

Front 34

Non-vitamins

Back 34

PABA, bioflavonoids, pyrroloquinoline quinone, orotic acid, lipoic acid, and ubiquinone.

Front 35

Inositol and Carnitine

Back 35

2 non-vitamins; can be made by the body; no recommendations have been established

Front 36

NAD and NADP....which vitamin?

Back 36

niacin

Front 37

TPP...which vitamin?

Back 37

thiamin

Front 38

CoA...which vitamin?

Back 38

pantothenic acid

Front 39

b12...which vitamin?

Back 39

vitamin b12

Front 40

FMN and FAD...which vitamin?

Back 40

riboflavin

Front 41

THF...which vitamin?

Back 41

folatev

Front 42

PLP...which vitamin?

Back 42

vitamin b6

Front 43

What are the only two cases of dietary deficiencies associated with SINGLE B vitamins?

Back 43

Beriberi and pellagra

Front 44

antiscorbutic factor

Back 44

original name for vitamin C

Front 45

ascorbic acid

Back 45

one of two active forms of vitamin C

Front 46

_____ works as a cofactor with vitamin C.

Back 46

Iron

Front 47

Vitamin C uses

Back 47

antioxidant; cofactor in collagen formation and other reactions

Front 48

The _____ ____- contain more vitamin C than any other organ in the body.

Back 48

adrenal glands

Front 49

Parts of the body where vitamin C is found:

Back 49

adrenal glands, pituitary glands, liver, spleen, heart, kidneys, lungs, pancreas, white blood cells, red blood cells, muscles

Front 50

stresses known to increase vitamin C needs:

Back 50

infections, burns, extreme temps, intakes of toxic heavy metals, chronic use of certain meds, and cigarette smoking.

Front 51

Scurvy

Back 51

Vitamin C deficiency

Front 52

Smokers need an extra ___ mg of Vitamin C each day.

Back 52

35 mg

Front 53

Vitamins that have no known levels of toxicity:

Back 53

Vitamin b12, pantothenic acid, biotinriboflavin, and thiamin