Nutrition Chapt 30 Charts

Front 1

Major Electrolytes? 3

Back 1

Na, K, Cl

Front 2

Major Minerals? 4

Back 2

Ca, P, Mg, S

Front 3

Trace Minerals? 9
I See 2 C's, M's, and F's and one Z

Back 3

I, Se, Cu, Cr, Mn, Mo, Fl, Fe, Zn

Front 4

Fat Soluble Vitamins? 4 adek

Back 4

Vitamins A,D,E,K

Front 5

Water Soluble Vitamins? 9

Back 5

Thiamin B1, Riboflavin B2, Niacin B3, B6, Folate, B12, Pantothenic Acid, Biotin, Vitamin C

Front 6

What functions do all electrolytes have in common?

Back 6

fluid and electrolyte balance and acid-base balance

Front 7

What are functions of Na?

Back 7

maintains muscle irritablility, regulates cell membrane permeability, nerve impulse transmission

Front 8

What is the most important function of the electrolyte K and is also a function of Na?

Back 8

Nerve Impulse Transmission

Front 9

What are the functions of K?

Back 9

catalyst for many metabolic reactions, involved in skeletal and cardiac muscle activity

Front 10

What are the functions of Cl?

Back 10

component of hydrochloric acid in stomach

Front 11

1 tsp of Na=
75% of Na is from

Back 11

2400 mg
processed/canned foods

Front 12

Symptoms/Signs of Na Deficiency

Back 12

Rare; chronic diarrhea or vomiting and renal disorder; nausea, dizzy, muscle cramps, apathy

Front 13

Signs and Symtoms of Na Toxicity

Back 13

Hypertension, edema

Front 14

What are sources of K?

Back 14

fruits, vegies, dry peas and bena, whole grains, milk, meats

Front 15

Signs/Symptoms of K Deficiency

Back 15

muscular weakness, paralysis, anorexia, confusion occurs w/ dehydration

Front 16

Signs/Syptoms of K toxicity?

Back 16

(from supplements/drugs) muscular weakness, vomiting

Front 17

1 tsp Na = ___ Cl

Back 17

3600 mg

Front 18

Sources for Na and Cl are the same. T or F

Back 18

True

Front 19

What are sources of Ca?

Back 19

milk, milk products, fortied oj, green leafy vegies, small fish w/ bones, dried peas and beans

Front 20

Functions of Ca

Back 20

Bone and teeth formation and maintenance, blood clotting, nerve transmission, muscle contraction and relaxation, cell membrane permealbility, b/p

Front 21

Deficiency of Ca

Back 21

Children-impaired growth
Adults-osteoporosis

Front 22

Toxicity of Ca

Back 22

Constipation, increased risk of renal stones, impaired absorptions of Fe and other minerals

Front 23

Sources of P

Back 23

all animal products, bread, ready to eat cereal

Front 24

Functions of P

Back 24

Bone and teeth formation and maintenance, acid-base balance, energy metabolism, cell membrane structure, regulation of hormone and coenzyme activity

Front 25

Deficieny of P

Back 25

unknown

Front 26

Toxicity of P

Back 26

low blood Ca

Front 27

Sources of Mg

Back 27

green leafy vegies, nuts dry peas and beans, whole grains seafood, chocolate, cocoa

Front 28

Functions of Mg

Back 28

Bone formation, nerve transmission, smooth muscle relaxation, protein synthesis, CHO metabolism, enzyme activity

Front 29

Deficiency of Mg

Back 29

weakness, confusion; growth failure in child
Severe: convulsions, hallucinations, tetany, spasms

Front 30

Toxicity of Mg

Back 30

none from food...supplemental Mg can cause diarrhea, nausea, cramping
Excessive Mg in Epsom Salt causes diarrhea

Front 31

Source of Fe

Back 31

Beef liver, red meat, tofu, clams, fortified, bread

Front 32

Function of Fe

Back 32

transports oxygen via hemogloblin and myoglobin; constituent of enzyme system

Front 33

Deficiency of Fe

Back 33

Impaired immune function, apathy, lethargy fatigue, pale nail beds and eye membranes

Front 34

Toxicity of Fe

Back 34

Increased risk of infection, apathy, lethargy, hair loss, impotence; can kill children

Front 35

Source of Zn

Back 35

oystes, red meat, nuts fortified, dairy

Front 36

Functions of Zn

Back 36

tissue growth, wound healing, sexual maturation and reproduction; constituent of many enzymes in energy and nucleic acid metab.; vitamin A transport, taste perception

Front 37

Deficiency of Zn

Back 37

Growth retardation, hair loss, diarrhea, delayed sexual maturation, lesions, anorexia, taste abnormality

Front 38

Toxicity of I

Back 38

Enlarged thyroid gland, decreased thyroid activity

Front 39

Source of I

Back 39

Iodized salt, seafood, bread, dairy

Front 40

Function of I

Back 40

component of thyroid hormones that regulate growth, development, and metab. rate

Front 41

Deficiency of I

Back 41

Goiter, weight gain, lethargy, can cause irreversible retardation during pregnancy

Front 42

Toxicity of Zn

Back 42

Anemia, elevated LDL, lowered HDL, impaired Ca absorption

Front 43

Source of Se

Back 43

Seafood, liver, kidney, other meats; grains grown in selenium rich food; brazil nuts, walnuts

Front 44

Function of Se

Back 44

component of antioxidant enzymes, immune system functions, thyroid gland activity

Front 45

Deficiency of Se

Back 45

Enlarged heart, poor heart function, impaired thyroid activity

Front 46

Toxicity of Se

Back 46

Rare: nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, hair and nail changes, nerve damage, fatigue

Front 47

Source of Cu

Back 47

Organ Meats, seafood, nuts, grains, drinking water

Front 48

Function of Cu

Back 48

Used in the production of hemoglobin; component of several enzymes; used in energy metab.

Front 49

Defiency of Cu

Back 49

Rare: anemia, bone abnormalities

Front 50

Toxicity of Cu

Back 50

vomiting, liver damage

Front 51

Source of Mn

Back 51

whole grains, tea, pineapple, kale, strawberries

Front 52

Functions of Mn

Back 52

component of enzymes involved in the metab of carbs, proteins, fats, and bone formation

Front 53

Deficiency of Mn

Back 53

Rare

Front 54

Toxicity of Mn

Back 54

Vomiting, liver damage

Front 55

Source of Fl

Back 55

flouridated wate, tea, seafood

Front 56

Functions of Fl

Back 56

formation and maintenance of tooth enamel, helps resist dental decay, role in bone formation and integrity

Front 57

Deficiency of Fl

Back 57

susceptibility to dental decay, may increase risk of osteoperosis

Front 58

Toxicity of Fl

Back 58

Fluorosis(mottling of teeth), nausea, chest pain, itching

Front 59

Source of Cr

Back 59

meat, whoe grains, nuts, cheese

Front 60

Functions of Cr

Back 60

Cofactor for insulin

Front 61

Deficiency of Cr

Back 61

insulin resistance, impaired glucose tolerance

Front 62

Toxicity of Cr

Back 62

Diet-unknown
Occupational exposure to damages skin and kidneys

Front 63

Sources of Mo

Back 63

milk, legumes, breads, grains

Front 64

Function of Mo

Back 64

component of many enzymes; works tih riboflavin to incorporate Fe into hemoglobin

Front 65

Deficiency of Mo

Back 65

unknown

Front 66

Toxicity of Mo

Back 66

occupational exposure to Mo dust causes gout like symptoms

Front 67

what are the 2 other names used for vitamin A

Back 67

Retinol and carotenoids; Beta Carotene is precursor (converts carotene to Vitamin A

Front 68

Sources of Retinol

Back 68

liver, dairy, fortified milk, ready to eat cereal

Front 69

Sources of Beta Carotene (Pro Vitamin A)

Back 69

Green leafy Veggies, broccoli, carrots, peaches, pumpkin, sweet potatoes, cantaloupe

Front 70

Function of Vitamin A, retinol, or beta carotene

Back 70

antioxidant, healthy eyes and skin, normal growth of bone and teet, healty immune system

Front 71

Deficiency of Vitamin A

Back 71

NIGHT BLINDNESS, dry skin, xeopathalmis

Front 72

Toxicity of Vitamin A

Back 72

birth defects, hair loss, dry skin, headaches, dry mucous membranes

Front 73

What are Vitamin A requirements?

Back 73

Well Balanced Diet, 1 mg of retinol a day

Front 74

Vitamin D has D2 and D3. D2 is aka _____ and D3 is aka ____

Back 74

ergocalciferol formed in plants
cholecalciferol formed from cholesterol in skin

Front 75

Vitamin D is considered a prohormone and it is heat stable

Back 75

true

Front 76

Functions of Vitamin D

Back 76

maintains serum calcium concentrations by: calcium and phosphorus absorption thru intestines and chemical change in kidney and liver

Front 77

source of Vitamin D

Back 77

SUNLIGHT, milk, fish liver oils, fortified milk

Front 78

Deficiency of Vitamin D

Back 78

Rickets for children, osteomalacia

Front 79

Toxicity of Vitamin D

Back 79

Kidney stones, kidney and heart damage, calcium deposits in soft tissues

Front 80

How many mcg = 20016; this is also the amount of ____you need daily

Back 80

5; choleciferol

Front 81

What are the 2 sub groups of Vitamin E?

Back 81

Toopherols and Tocotrienols

Front 82

Tocotrienols have 4 divisions what are they? Remember greek system

Back 82

alpha, beta, delta, gamma

Front 83

Functions of Vitamin E

Back 83

antioxidant, prevents hemolytic anemia in premature infants, enhances immunity, RETARD SPOILAGE in commercial food products

Front 84

Sources of Vitamin E

Back 84

veggie oils, wheat germ, nuts, green leafy veggies

Front 85

Toxicity of Vitamin E

Back 85

Relatively nontoxic; excess stored as fat, high doses enhance actionof anticoagulant meds

Front 86

Deficiency of Vitamin E

Back 86

neurological defects in children, in infant can cause anemia, edema, and skin lesions, increased RBC hemolysis

Front 87

What are the 2 subgroups of Vitamin K?

Back 87

K1-phylloquinone
K2-menaquinone

Front 88

Where is Vitamin K absorbed from?

Back 88

Small intestine, colon

Front 89

Functions of Vitamin K

Back 89

Helps CLOT BLOOD, forms prothrombin, synthesis of bone protein

Front 90

Sources of Vitamin K

Back 90

BROCCOLI, green leafy veggies, liver, eggs, cabbage family

Front 91

Deficiency of Vitamin K

Back 91

Hemorhaging

Front 92

Toxicity of Vitamin K

Back 92

none have been observed

Front 93

Thiamin is aka

Back 93

B1

Front 94

Function of B1 Thiamin

Back 94

metab. carbs and amino acid, nerve and muscle action

Front 95

Sources B1 Thiamin

Back 95

unrefined enriched cereal, breads, etc, peas, pork, whole grain, ORGAN MEAT, dry yeast

Front 96

RDA men, women

Back 96

1.2, 1.1

Front 97

Deficiency of Thiamin B1

Back 97

BERI BERI, loss of appetite, fatigue

Front 98

Who is Thiamin B1 deficiency found in

Back 98

alcoholics, raw fish

Front 99

What is Riboflavin aka

Back 99

B2

Front 100

Functions of Riboflavin B2

Back 100

Essential for growth, metab. carb, protein, and fat, tissue maintenance, healthy eyes

Front 101

Sources of Riboflavin B2

Back 101

milk, meat, poultry, fish, enriched bread, some leafy

Front 102

Deficiency of Riboflavin B2

Back 102

cheilosis-white crack side of mouth
Glossitis-tongue inflamation
Dermatitis-red patches
eyestrain

Front 103

Niacin is aka

Back 103

B3

Front 104

Functions of Niacin B3

Back 104

coenzyme in energy metab, prevents pellegra, cholesterol lowering agent

Front 105

Sources of Niacin B3

Back 105

meats, poultry, fish, peanuts, legumes

Front 106

RDA of Niacin B3

Back 106

14 mg/NE women
16 " men

Front 107

Deficiency of Niacin B3

Back 107

appears with riboflavin deficiency, anorexia, weakness, indigestion, anxiety, pellegra

Front 108

What are the 4 D's of Pellegra

Back 108

Diarrhea, Dermatitis, Dementia, Death

Front 109

As a whole describe water soluble vitamins

Back 109

include B complex and C; dissolve in water, easily destroyed by water heat, cooking, not stored in body as much

Front 110

What are 3 sub groups of Vitamin B6

Back 110

pridoxine, pyfidoxal, pyridoxamine

Front 111

Functions of B6

Back 111

protein metab and absorption, gives energy, glucose from glycogen, tryptopan to niacin, produces insulin, hemoglobin, myelin sheath and antibodies

Front 112

Sources of B6

Back 112

BANANAS, poultry, fish, liver, kidney, potaoes, spinach; NOT refined grains

Front 113

RDA of B6

Back 113

1.3-1.5 women, 1.3-1.7 men

Front 114

What can interfere with B6?

Back 114

Oral contraceptive

Front 115

Folate/Folic Acid is aka

Back 115

B9

Front 116

Function of Folate/Folic Acid B9

Back 116

DNA synthesis, protein metab., hemoglobin formation

Front 117

B6 Deficiency

Back 117

Dermatitis, Chilosis, Glossitis, abnormal brain wave pattern, convulsions, anemia

Front 118

B6 Toxicity

Back 118

Depression, Fatigue, irritability, headaches; sensory neuropathy characteristics

Front 119

Source of Folate B9

Back 119

ORANGE JUICE, fortified cereals, STRAWBERRIES, 50-90% destroyed during food processing or preparation

Front 120

RDA of Folate B9

Back 120

400mg men and women
600 mg pregant

Front 121

Deficiency of Folate B9

Back 121

neural tube defects (spina bifida, anencephaly), megoblasic anemia(large red blood cell), poor growth, mental confusion

Front 122

Toxicity of Folate B9

Back 122

Vitamin B12 deficiency, inactive phenytoin

Front 123

Cobalamin is aka

Back 123

B12

Front 124

Functions of Cobalamin B12

Back 124

folate metab, maintains myelin sheath (nerve covers), helps digestion, prevent pernicious anemia

Front 125

Sources of B12 Cobalamin

Back 125

ORGAN MEATS, animal food

Front 126

RDA of Cobalamin B12

Back 126

2-4 mg qday; increase during pregnancy and lactation

Front 127

Deficiency of Colbalamin B12

Back 127

Caused by congenital problems, or strict vegetarian diet; macrocytic and megoblastic anemia, prenicious anemia inadequate myelin sythesis (damages nervous system)

Front 128

Functions of Pantothenic Acid

Back 128

metab. of carbs, fat, proteins, sythesis of neurotransmitter acetycholina and steroid hormones

Front 129

Sources of Pantothenic Acid

Back 129

animal food, whole grain,

Front 130

RDA of Pantothenic Acid

Back 130

5 mg

Front 131

Deficiency of Pantothenic Acid

Back 131

natural unknown; failure of body system, tingling in feet

Front 132

Function of Biotin

Back 132

synthesis of fatty and amino acids in the intestines

Front 133

Sources of Biotin

Back 133

liver, egg yolk, soy flour, cereals, yeast, dark green veggies

Front 134

Deficiency of Biotin

Back 134

nausea, anorexia, depression, pallor, heart abnormality, INCREASE IN SERUM CHOLESTEROL

Front 135

Source of Vitamin C

Back 135

STRAWBERRY, citric fruit, broccoli, cauliflower, brussels sprouts

Front 136

Function of Vitamin C

Back 136

Collaen Synthesis, Antioxidant, Promotes Fe absorption, metab. amino acid, thyroxin, synthesis, immune system functioning

Front 137

Deficiency of Vitamin C

Back 137

Bleeding gums, see hemorrhages under skin, scurvy

Front 138

Toxicity of Vitamin C

Back 138

Diarrhea, abdominal cramps, nausea, headache, insomnia, hot flashes, aggravation of gout symtoms