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69 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Lipids |
*30-35% of kcal intakeof American diet *9kcal/gram
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Fatty Acids |
-come in different lengths and different numbers of double bonds -usually bind to glycerol to form a tryglyceride |
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Tryglocerides |
95% of dietary lipids -contain 1 glycerol and 3 fatty acid per molecule
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16 carbons saturated double bonds |
palmatic acid |
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18 carbons saturated no double bonds |
stearic acid |
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18 carbon monosacturated 1 doubl bond found in olive oil |
oleic acid |
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solid at room temperature PALMITATE red meat |
saturated |
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liquid at room temperature OLEIC ACID olive oil |
monosacturated |
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more than one double bond |
polysacturated |
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medium chain found in dairy increased blood LDL cholesterol |
saturated fatty acids |
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(n-6) in canola oil makes arachidonic acid (J&H) |
Linoleic Polyunsacturated |
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(n-3) in flax seed oil & fish oil makes EPA & DHA |
Linolenic Polyunsacturated |
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We cannot make these polyunsacturated fats in our body and hey are essential |
Linoleic and linolenic |
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Omega 6 Linoleic acid (18:2 w-6) can be made into ____ |
Arachidonic acid (20:4) J&H fatty acid |
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Omega 3 linolenic acid (18:3 w-3) can be made into ___ |
EPA and DHA |
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are used to make lipid droplets smaller and solubilize lipids |
Bile and Bile acids |
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membrane composition is important so____ |
that signaling receptors work properly |
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Arachidonic Acid |
-comes from polyunsacturated Omega 6 - is needed in the brain -too much is bad |
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1. Damaged Cells A signal in to activate A2 is sent when____ and this enzyme starts to break down PLs in the membrane. |
there is a high amount od Arachidonic Acid in Phospholipids (PLs) and the cell is damaged |
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2.Damaged Cells Activating A2 produces free arachidonic acid fatty acid molecules which convert to _____ |
Eicosanoid signaling molecules |
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3.Damaged Cells cause pain, stimulate immune cells, cause platelets to clot and signal all sorts of repair mechanisms |
Eicosanoids |
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4.Damaged Cells inhibits Phospholipase A2 and slows release of arachidonic acid (decreasing inflamation) |
Cortisone |
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Diseases known to be related to inflammatory responses |
coronary artery disease Inflammatory Bowl Syndrome Disease asthma Osteoporosis Alzheimer's Disease
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____ (desinflamatorio) anti-inflammatory |
Omega 3 fatty acids (one gram per day |
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Three main coronary arteries |
the right coronary artery left anterior decending (LAD) coronary artery circumflux coronary artery |
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1.Heart Attack When LDL particles enter the sub endothedial space (heart) and gets stuck in there. Immune cells called ___ make particles into foam cells. |
Macrophages |
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2. Heart Attack Then the sub endothedial space becomes full with ___. Smooth muscle cells start dividing and pushing out ____. Heart attack can occur with a ___ blockage. |
lipids the lumen of the artery 50-60% |
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BMI |
Body Max Index |
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____is made up of 3 energy consumptions: ____ , energy spent in ___ , ___ of digestion of food. |
(TEE)Total energy Expenditure 1. BMR 2. in movement 3. thermic effect |
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% of energy consumption: BMR ___ |
60% |
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% of energy consumption: Activities and energy/movement ____ |
40% |
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60% BMR Used: Brain ___ |
20% |
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60% BMR Used: Kidneys____ |
5%
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60% BMR Used: Liver ___ |
20% |
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60% BMR Used: Muscle ___ |
20% |
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60% BMR Used: Adipose __ |
3% |
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60% BMR Used: Other tissue ____ |
22% |
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BMR |
Basal Metabolic Rate |
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LDL |
low density protein that |
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PUFAS |
Polyunsaturated fatty acids A fatty acid that lacks four or more hydrogen atoms and has two or more double bonds between carbons -- for example, linoleic acid (two double bonds) and linolenic acid (three double bonds). |
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Saturated fatty aciDS |
A fatty acid carrying the maximum possible number of hydrogen atoms -- for example, stearic acid. |
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HDL |
The type of lipoprotein that transports cholesterol back to the liver from the cells; composed primarily of protein. |
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VLDL |
The type of lipoprotein made primarily by liver cells to transport lipids to various tissues in the body; composed primarily of tryglycerides. |
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Monoglycerides |
Molecules of glycerol with one fatty acid attached. A molecule of glycerol with two fatty acids attached is a diglyceride. |
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Monunsaturated fatty acid |
A fatty acid that lacks two hydrogen atoms and has one double bond between carbons |
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Docosahexaenoic Acid (DHA) |
An omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid with 22 carbons and six double bonds; present in fish and synthesized in limited amounts in the body from linolenic acid.
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Derivatives of 20-carbon fatty acids; biologically active compounds that help to regulate blood pressure, blood clotting, and other body functions. They include prostaglandins, thromboxanes, and leukotrienes. |
eicosanoids |
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A nitrogen-containing compound found in foods and made in the body from the amino acid methionine. |
choline |
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Oxidation |
The process of a substance combining with oxygen; oxidation reactions involve the loss of electrons |
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lipoproteins |
Clusters of lipids associated with proteins that serve as transport vehicles for lipids in the lymph and blood. |
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Adipose tissue |
The body's fat tissue; consists of masses of triglyceride-storing cells. |
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Eicosapentaenoic (EPA) |
An omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid with 20 carbons and five double bonds; present in fish and synthesized in limited amounts in the body from linolenic acid. |
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Glycerol |
An alcohol composed of a three-carbon chain, which can serve as the backbone for a triglyceride. |
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Chylomicrons |
The class of lipoproteins that transport lipids from the intestinal cells to the rest of the body. |
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Cholesterol |
One of the sterols containing four carbon ring structures with a carbon side chain. |
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Unsaturated fatty acid |
A fatty acid that lacks hydrogen atoms and has at least one double bond between carbons (includes monounsaturated and polyunsaturated fatty acids). |
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Lipids |
A family of compounds that includes triglycerides, phopholipids, and sterols. |
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Sterols |
Compounds containing four carbon ring structures with any of a variety of side chains attached. |
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Point of unsaturation |
The double bond of a fatty acid, where hydrogen atoms can easily be added to the structure. |
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Triglycerides |
The chief form of fat in the diet and the major storage form of fat in the body; composed of a molecule of glycerol with 3 fatty acids attached; also called triacylglycerols. |
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Trans-fatty acids |
Fatty acids with hydrogens on opposite sides of the double bond. |
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A chemical process by which by which hydrogens are added to monounsaturated or polyunsaturated fatty acids to reduce the number of double bonds, making the fats more saturated (solid) and more resistant to oxidation (protecting against rancidity).
prodices trans-fatty acids
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Hydrogenation |
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What process are hydrolysis reactions a major part of? |
Process of digestion |
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What percent of body fat is gluconeogenesis? |
5% |
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Ketone bodies |
product of the incomplete breakdown of fat that occurs in gluconeogenesis when glucose is not available |
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Ketosis |
fat fragments combine with ketone bodies which accumulate in blood making it more acidic |
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Homeostasis? |
maintenance of constant internal conditions by the body's control systems |
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Where is the major site of lipid digestion/hydrolysis? |
small intestine |
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the presence of un-coupler proteins that allow hydrogens to leak through the inner membranes of the mitochondria and lowers the amount of ATP formed for the same amount of substrate burned. |
phenomena of the skinny |
