Nutrition

Front 1

what makes up a complete diet?

Back 1

Carbohydrate, Fat, Protein, Water, Minerals, Vitamins
Water– 50ml/kg/24hrs
Carbs,Fats and protein – provide energy for the body
Vits/minerals – are essential for appropriatefunctioning but do not provide energy

Front 2

carbohydrates

Back 2

energy source
excess stored as fat - lead to obesity
- mono/di and polysaccharides

low carbs can cause problems in high demand (pregnancy)

Front 3

Fibre

Back 3

complex carb - polysaccharide

Fermentation (break down by intestinalbacteria)
Rapidly fermentable – pectin (in manyfruits) – produce lots of gas, nonfermentable (cellulose –plants) – hold water and bulk up the gut for good bowelfunction
Fermentationprocess produces SCFA (short chain fatty acids) which are beneficial for themucosal cells.
Minimise glucose fluctuations – useful for diabeticpatients

Front 4

Protein

Back 4

meat is a good source
made up of chains of amino acids

building blocks for : AB, muscles, enzymes, skin/hair/nails, hormones

High biological value – Aas supplied closely match requirements,less waste, will need to eat less, diets prob more expensive
Lowbiological value – more waste (for kidneys to deal with), will need to eatmore, lower cost.Eggeasily digested and provides Aas close to requirements
Cats– low carbs, high protein
Dogs– higher carbs is ok
Deficiency– poor growth/weight loss/anorexia/anaemia/dull coat/muscle wasting/increasedsusceptibility to disease/odema/death

Front 5

essential amino acids

Back 5

proteins which cannot be produced by the animal

Taurine (cats) - only found in animal tissue

Front 6

fat

Back 6

energy source (high energy density)
increases palatability
aids absorption of fat soluble vitamins (A,D,E&K)
provides essential fatty acids

Front 7

Essential fatty acids (EFA)

Back 7

-Omega 3 (Linolenic acid) andOmega 6 fatty acids (linoleic acid, arachidonic acid (cats only))
-anti-inflammatoryproperties
-Constituentsof the cell membrane
-Synthesis ofsubstances such as prostaglandins

Deficiency maylead to – impaired wound healing, dry coat, scaly skin, skin disease, reducedreproductive function

Front 8

what do anti-oxidants do?

Back 8

prevent cellular damage by free radicals
free radicals are unstable molecules which can initiate damage to cells in an attempt to become stable

and are believed to contribute to aging process and progression of chronic diseases

Front 9

what is gross energy?

Back 9

total energy content of food

Front 10

what is digestible energy?

Back 10

energy that is digested by animal and not lost in faeces

Front 11

what is metabolisable energy?

Back 11

energy available for animals and not lost in urine and GI gases

Front 12

what is Basal Energy Requirement (BAR)?

Back 12

energy used while asleep and not digesting food in a thermoneutral environment

Front 13

Resting energy requirement (RER)?

Back 13

energy used when animal is awake but resting quietly in a thermoneutral environment

Front 14

Maintenance energy requirement (MER)?

Back 14

allows for moderate activity

Front 15

Daily energy requirement (DER)?

Back 15

RER multiplied by a factor to take into account animals age, lifestage and condition

Front 16

calculating RER for patients between 2-30kg

Back 16

RER= (30 x weight (kg) + 70

Front 17

Calculating RER for patients <2kg or >30g

Back 17

RER = 70 x (bodyweight in kg)0.75

Front 18

Calculating feeding requirements

Back 18

Using theenergy density of the food (kcal/g, kcal/tin, kcal/sachet)

And thecalculated energy requirement of the animal (kcal)

Energyrequirements ÷ energy density of food = amount to feed

Front 19

factors that affect nutritional requirements

Back 19

age
pregnancy/lactation
illness
neuter status
lifestyle (working dogs)