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83 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Thiamin B Vitamin name and coenzyme
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B1, TPP (thiamin pyrophosphate)
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Riboflavin B Vitamin name and coenzyme
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B2,
FAD-Flavin adenine dinucleotide FMN-flavin mononucleotide |
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Niacin B vitamin name and coenzyme
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B3,
NAD: nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide NADP: nicotinamide adenine phosphate |
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Niacins other names
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Nicotinic acid, nicotinamide
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Precursor to niacin
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tryptophan
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pantothenic acid B Vitamin name and coenzyme
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Vitamin B5, coenzyme A (CoA)
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B6 AKA
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pyridoxine, pyridoxal, pyridoxamine
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B6 coenzyme
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PLP pyridoxal phosphate
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B12 is also known as
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cobalamin
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B12 coenzyme
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methylcobalamin
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Folate aka folic acid or folacin- COENZYME?
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THF tetrahydrofolate
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biotin coenzyme?
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has none bitch!
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Viatmin C is also known as?
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Ascorbic acid and has no coenzyme
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B1 major functions
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(Thiamin) coenzyme involved in decarboxylation events in energy metabolism:
pyruvate->acetylCoA |
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B2 major functions
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(Riboflavin) "hydrogen carriers" cofactors for enzyme complexes that transfer hyrogens during energy metabolism:
Krebs Cycle.. ETC.. fat breakdown |
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B3 Major Functions
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(Niacin) "hydrogen carriers" involved in hydrogen transfers in energy metabolism:
glycolysis, Kreb Cycle, electron TC, fat breakdown, and fat synthesis |
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Tryptophan is the precursor to
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NIACINNN!!!!! (:
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Pantothenic acid major functions
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(B5) component of acetyl CoA compd that plays a central role in energy metabolism
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B6 major functions
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protein metabolism =
transaminases/deaminases neurotransmitter synthesis= serotonin, norepinephrine, hemoglobin synthesis |
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B12 AKA COBLAMIN major functions
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helps free folate by removing CH3 (which inturn activates the B12) nerve myelin formation, RBC formation, & DNA synthesis
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Folate major functions
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Carrier of 1 C units synthesis of RNA and DNA amino acid synthesis and many other functions
prevents neural tube defects in pregnancys |
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Biotin major functions
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cofactor for enzymes that transport CO2, fat synthesis, glucogenesis,
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Vitamin C major functions
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antioxidant, collagen synthesis (collagen=pimp)
aa->neurotransmitters, role in IRS |
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Cholines major functions...
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needed for synthesis of neurotransmitter acetylCHOLINE (get it) structural membrane phospholipids and signaling phospholipids
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Deficiency symptoms of Thiamin (B1)
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BERI BERI: polyneuritis: weaken heart muscle, GI disorders
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Deficiency of Riboflavin (B2)
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ariboflavinosis: GI disturbances, headaches, mental depression, dermatitis, cheilosis, photophobia
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NIACIN deficiency
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pellegra: dermatitis, diarrhea, delerium, dementia, death.
niacin deficiency = 4 D's |
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Pantothenic Acid deficiency symptoms..
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nONE nope NONE
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B6 Deficiency symptoms
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RaRE: vague symptoms, headaches, dermatitis
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B12 Deficiency symptoms...
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pernicious anemia (oh my thats pernicious!) AKA megaloblastic anemia nerve dysfunction->paralysis
->permanent nerve damage |
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folate deficiency symptoms
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megaloblastic anemia: GI tract disorders: 18-26 days after conception may cause neural tube defects
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biotin deficiency symptoms
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rare: fatigue, insomnia, lack of appetite
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Vitamic C deficiency symptoms...
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scurvy!! arrgh!!
pour wound healing, increased infections, bleeding, muscle degeneration, death, severe cardiac arrest and internal bleeding |
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Choline
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rare: liver damage
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Dietary Sources of thiamin
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pork; enriched grains
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Dietary sources of riboflavin
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milk; milk products, enriched grains, liver
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Dietary Sources of Niacin
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meat, poultry, enriched grains
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Dietary Sources of pantothenic acid
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widely distributed meats, whole grain cereals
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Dietary Sources of B6
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meat poultry, fish, potatoes, spinach, bananas
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Dietary Sources of B12
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meat especially Liver
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Dietary Sources of folate
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legumes, green leafy veggies
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dietary sources of biotin
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liver, egg yolk, soy flour
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dietary sources o Vitamin C...
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orange, broccoli, green peppers, cantaloupe, grapefruit, cauliflower, strawberries.
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dietary sources of choline...
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liver, milk, eggs, peanuts
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Name the water soluble vitamins with no toxicity ..
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Thiamin, Riboflavin, Pantothenic Acid, biotin, choline is roare
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Niacin toxicity level
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>35mg nicotinic acid hot flashed, vomiting.
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B6 toxicity level
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prolonged use of more than 100mg may destroy nerves.
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folate toxicity level..
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>1 mg masks B12 deficiency induced pernicious anemia
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Vitamin C toxicity level..
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2g=upper limit... excess may cause diarrhea and kidney and bladder stoned; altered medical tests.
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pre cursor to vitamin A
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beta carotene
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Other names for vitamin A
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retinol, retinal, retinoic acid
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Vitamin A daily intake recommendations
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Men - 900 ug RAE/Day
Women - 700 ug RAE/day |
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Vitamin A Deficiency symptoms...
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Hypovitaminosis, night blindness, corneal drying, triangular gray spots on the eye
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Vitamin A Functions..
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visions, maintenance of cornea, epithelial cells,
mucous membranes, skin, bone and tooth growth, reproduction, immune system |
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Overdose and Upper Limit Intake
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Hypervitaminosis A
Upper level: 3000 mg/day |
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Sources of Vitamin A...
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retinol: fortified milk, cheese, cream, butter, fortified margarine, eggs, liver,
beta-carotene: spinah and other dark green leafy greens, orange fruits and veggies |
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Vitamin D is also known as
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calciferol, 1.25 dihydroxy Vitamin D
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animal version of Vitamin D
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D3 or enderalciferol
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plant version of Vitamin D
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D2 or ergocalciferol
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Functions of Vitamin D..
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Mineralization of bones-
raises blood calcium and phosphorous by increasing absorption from digestive tract withdrawing calcium from bones, stimulating retention by kidneys. |
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Vitamin D Recommendations...
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Adults
19-50 yrs: 5ug/day 51-70 yrs: 10ug/day >70 yrs: 15ug/day |
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Vitamin D upper level:
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50 ug/day
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Vitamin D deficiency..
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Rickets in Children
Inadequate calcification-bowed legs deformed ribs |
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Osteomalacia and Osteoporosis...
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Loss of calcium resulting in flexible soft bones
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Overdose of Vitamin D
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Hypervitaminosis D:
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symptoms of Vitamin D overdose
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elevated blood calcium, calcification of soft blood vessels, kidneys, heart, lungs, tissues
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Sources of vitamin D..
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synthesized in the body from sunshine:
or milk, margarine, butter, juices, cereals, and chocolate, mixes, veal, beef egg yolks |
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Fat soluble vitamins are..
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Vitamin A, D, E, K
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water soluble vitamins are..
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Thiamin (B1), Riboflavin (B2), Niacin (B3), Pantholic acid, folate, Biotin, Choline B6, B12,
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Vitamin E also known as..
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Alpha-tocopherol
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Functions of vitamin E..
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Antioxidant
Stabilization of cell membranes.. regulation of oxidation's reactions, protection of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) and Vitamin A |
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Recommendations of Vitamin E..
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Adults 15mg/day
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Vitamin E upper level for adults
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1000mg/day
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Vitamin E Deficiency..
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Red blood cell breakage, nerve damage
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Vitamin E overdose.
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Augments the effects of anti-clotting medication
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Sources of Vitamin E
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Polyunsaturated plant oils, leafy green vegetables, wheat germ, liver, egg yolks
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Is vitamin E easily destroyed by heat and what..
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heat and oxygen.
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Vitamin K Definitions..
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Phyloquinone,
Menaquinone, Menadione, Naphythoquinone, |
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Functions of vitamin K..
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synthesis of blood clotting proteins and bone proteins
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Recommendations for Vitamin K..
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Men 120ug/day
Women: 90ug/day |
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Vitamin K Deficiency..
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Hemorrhaging
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Sources for vitamin K
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Bacterial synthesis in the digestive tract, liver, leafy green veggies, cabbage type, milk
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Overdose of Vitamin K and upper limit
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none known
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