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17 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Why do we need food? |
To supply us with fuel for energy. To provide us with materials for growth and repair of tissues To help fight disease and keep our bodies healthy. |
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What is food? |
Food is made up of 7 different nutrients: Carbohydrates, Proteins, Fats, Water, Fibre, Minerals and Vitamins |
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What is the source of Carbohydrates and what are their functions? |
They come in the form of starch and are found in potato, rice and pasta. Plants store their sugar as starch. Its function is to be used for respiration by releasing energy. |
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What is the source of Lipids and what are their functions? |
They come from dairy products, meat (meat, oily fish and eggs) and oily products (olive oil, margarine). They are made out of Glycerol and Fatty Acids (Lipid Subunits). They are used to make cell membranes, for insulation, for protection of organs and as an energy store. |
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What is the source of Proteins and what are their functions? |
From meats, cheese ,fish, eggs and plants and nuts. A protein deficiency will result in Kwashiokor. They are polymers of amino acids and there are 20 different amino acids that can be used to make proteins. They can be used for growth and repair of tissues. |
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What is the source of Minerals and what are their functions? |
Calcium: dairy products, fish, bread and vegetables. Used to make teeth and bones. Calcium deficiency results in rickets. Iron: red meats, liver, eggs and some vegetables (spinach). Used as part of Haemoglobin in red blood cells. Iron deficiency results in Anaemia. This can cause angina or even a heart attack. |
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What is the source of Vitamins and what are their functions? |
Vitamin A: fish liver oils, liver, butter, margarine and carrots. Deficiency results in night blindness and a damaged cornea. Used as a light sensitive chemical in retina. Vitamin C: fresh fruit and vegetables. Deficiency results in scurvy. Vitamin B: fish liver oils, made in skin in sunlight. Deficiency results in rickets or poor teeth. |
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What is the source of Water and what are their functions? |
Source: Water. Chemical reactions take place in water. |
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What is the source of Vitamins and what are their functions? |
Wholemeal bread, fruit, vegetables and pulses. Pushes food through intestines. |
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What is Digestion? |
Digestion is the chemical and mechanical breakdown of food. It converts large insoluble molecules into small soluble molecules which can be absorbed into the blood. |
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Stages of Digestion? |
Ingestion, Digestion, Absorption, Assimilation, Egestion. |
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Describe the process of Ingestion? |
Food is ingested and then chewed to break down into smaller pieces with a higher surface area for action. |
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Describe the process of Digestion? |
Food is broken down into soluble materials by digestive enzymes. |
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Describe the process of Absorption? |
Soluble digested food passes through the gut wall into the bloodstream. |
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Describe the process of Assimilation? |
Absorbed food is transported to cells to be built up into complex molecules and for general metabolism. |
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Describe the process of Egestion? |
Indigestible material (mainly plant cellulose walls) is removed through the anus. |
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What is the Cardiac Sphincter? |
This is the ring of muscle at the end of the oesophagus, it stops food coming out until it turns to chyme. |
