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53 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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The macronutrients include
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CarbohydratesProteinsFats/Lipids
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The Sixth nutrient is
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Water
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The total daily intake recommended for CHO is
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45-65%
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The total daily intake recommended for fat is
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20-35%
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The total daily intake recommended for protein is
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10-35%
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Main storage form of carbohydrate?
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Glycogen
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Glycogen is stored in the
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liver and muscles
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The sum of the physical and chemical processes inside the cells that sustain health and life and produce energy?
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Metabolism
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Primary source of fuel for the body?
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Carbohydrate
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Most concentrated source of fuel for the body?
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Fats/Lipids
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Excessive fat intake results in the formation of?
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adipose tissue
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adipose tissue is stored?
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usually right under the skin
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Proteins are important in?
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building and repairing body tissue
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Nitrogen Balance =
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nitrogen intake plus nitrogen output
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Positive nitrogen balance =
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when nitrogen intake exceeds nitrogen output
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Negative nitrogen balance =
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nitrogen output exceeds nitrogen intake
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The most abundant dietary disaccharide is
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sucrose (table sugar)
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Lactose is
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milk sugar
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Ggastric enzyme found in infants functioning to coagulate milk
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Rennin
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Food energy is expressed as
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Kilocalories, calories or fuel factors
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CHO and fats are made up of the chemical elements:
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carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen
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Proteins are made up of the chemical elements:
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carbon, hydrogen oxygen and nitrogen
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Most vulnerable to malnutrition
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Infants
children pregnant lactating women elderly |
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Chronic diseases related to diet:
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cancer
obesity pulmonary disease hypertension diabetes mellitus coronary heart disease |
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An essential nutrient is?
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one that the body cannot synthesize; it must be supplied in foods
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The major means of transport of fats in the blood stream?
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Lipoproteins
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Chemical digestion of starch begins in the
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mouth
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Chemical digestion of fats begins in the
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small intestines
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Chemical digestion of proteins begins in the
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stomach
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Preferred fuel for heart muscles?
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Fatty acids
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The RDA's are developed by the?
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National Academy of Sciences, Food and Nutrition Board
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What are the goals of Healthy People 2020:
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a. An increase in span of healthy life
b. Reduction of health disparities |
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Changing foods into smaller substances for cells to use is accomplished through the processes of
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digestion, absorption, and metabolism
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Major digestion and absorption takes place in the
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small intestines where the major breakdown of CHO, proteins and fats along with vitamins and minerals are absorbed into the blood stream. Undigested food substances (fiber), water, and waste are excreted. After absorption nutrients are carried to the cells.
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Digestion involves?
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mechanical or muscular and chemical actions
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The network of nerves within the gastrointestinal tract that regulates muscular action is the
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intramural nerve plexus
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Muscular actions found in the small intestines?
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Longitudinal rotation
peristalsis segmentation pendicular movements |
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The __________gland releases __________ in the mouth to begin digestion of____________________
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A - parotid
B - salivary amylase c - carbohydrates |
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_____________ involves the action of biting, chewing and breaking up food ingested into smaller particles. Mixing and churning of the ingested food with gastric secretions results in a semi-liquid called____________________
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A - Mastication
B - chyme |
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Hydrochloric acid released in the stomach lowers the pH of the stomach content
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which changes pepsinogen into pepsin, and starts the digestion of protein
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. Mucus is produced in the
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the stomach, and in the small intestine
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Functions of Carbohydrates include major/preferred source of energy,
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glycogenreserve, spare protein, antiketogenic effect.
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Monosaccharides include
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glucose, fructose, and galactose.
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Disaccharides include
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maltose, sucrose, and lactose.
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polysaccharides include
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starch, fiber, glycogen, and dextrin
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The recommended daily fiber intake is
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25 grams per day
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Photosynthesis occurs in the presence of
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carbon dioxide, water, sunlight, andchlorophyll (the green color in plants).
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blood sugar below the normal range
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Hypoglycemia
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blood sugar above the normal range
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Hyperglycemia
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Normal glucose level in the blood is
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70-120
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The sugar that circulates in the blood is
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glucose
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only hormone responsible for lowering blood glucose levels
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.lnsulin
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One gram of digestible carbohydrates and proteins provide
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4 kilocalories
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