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24 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is the most stable form of chromium?
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trivalent chromium (Cr 3)
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What is the most toxic form oc chromium?
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Hexavalent chromium (Cr 5)
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Where is chromium absorbed?
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small intestine
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list some factors inhibiting the absorption of chromium
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neutral or alkaline solutions
phytates antacids |
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List some factors that enhance the absorption of chromium
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acidic solutions
amino acids methionine and histidine vitamin C iron deficiency |
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How is chromium transported in the body?
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bound to transferrin and transported with iron in the blood. If transferrin is occupied, is it transported on albumin, globulin, or unbound in the blood
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What tissues have the highest concentration of chromium?
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kidney, liver, muscle, spleen, heart, pancreas
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How is chromium excreted?
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primarily in the urine. Severe trauma, stress, infection, and strenuous exercise can cause loss.
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What are the primary functions of chromium?
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glucose metabolism by enhancing the effects of insulin
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what is LMWCr?
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Low molecular weight chromium- may enhance the response of the insulin receptor to insulin
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List the 4 steps of chromium action
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1. insulin binds to and activates the insulin receptor
2. insumin receptor activation stimulates the movement of chromium into the cell 3. Cr binds to peptide Apo-LC 4. Functional LC binds to insulin receptor and enhances activity |
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What is GTF?
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Glucose tolerance factor
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What is the clinical deficiency for chromium?
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none
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Which foods are high in chromium?
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Broccoli
Turkey Grape juice Potato |
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What are the states that manganese exists in the body
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Divalent (Mn2) or Trivalent (Mn3)
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What does manganese compete for absorption with?
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iron and cobalt
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How is manganese transported in the body?
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bound to proteins for delivery to the liver. It then attaches to transferrin and transmanganin for transport to peripheral tissue
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How is manganese excreted?
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mainly via the bile and faeces
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What are the primary functions of manganese?
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carbohydrate metabolism
bone metabolism collagen formation cholesterol synthesis |
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List some enzymes that are activated by manganese
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oxidoreductase
lyases ligases hydrolases kinases decarboxylases transferases |
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What is the principal antioxidant of the mitochondria
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Manganese SOD (superoxide dismutase)
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How is manganese involved in metabolism
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Manganese activated enzymes play roles in carbohydrate, amino acid, and cholesterol metabolism, such as gluconeogenesis and the urea cycle
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What is the clinical deficiency of manganese?
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none
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What are some foods that are high in manganese?
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pecans
pineapple brown rice spinach |
