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18 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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what is the most common mineral in the human body?
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calcium
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T/F Calcium is absorbed through the entire small intestine
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True
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Describe some features about active transport of calcium
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operates where there is low luminal calcium ion concentration
mainly in the duodenum and proximal jejunum saturable controlled by 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D which increases calbindin |
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What is calbindin
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acts as a transport protein that carries calcium through the cell to the basolatermal membrane where it can enter the plasma
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Describe some features about passive transport of calcium
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operates at high luminal calcium
non-saturable occurs the entire length of the small intestine |
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List some factors inhibiting the absorption of calcium
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oxalic acid
phytic acid fat malabsorption excessive amounts of phosphates in the diet |
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list some factors enhancing the absorption of calcium
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lacotse
vitamin D growth pregnancy exercise |
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How is calcium transported?
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50% is free, ionised calcium
40% bound to proteins 10% complexed with sulphate |
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How is calcium excreted
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urine, faeces, and skin
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What are some factors that enhance the excretion of calcium?
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sodium, protein, boron, magnesium, caffeine
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What type of diet could lead to hypercalciuria?
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High protein diets, especially those high in animal products
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What are the primary functions of calcium?
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forms the mineral matrix of the bone
role in cell signaling blood clotting and calcium regulation |
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Where in the body is calcium found?
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most of calcium is in the bone; almost half of magnesium is in cells
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Osteobalsts under the control of .......... secrete collagen?
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PTH, calcitriol, oestrogen.
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What is the purpose of osteoclasts?
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settle on the surfaces of bone dissolve or resorb bone, by releasing citric and lactic acids
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Why does the voltage gated calcium channel open?
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because the calcium is more concentrated in the extracellular fluid, it flows inward an in increase within the cell triggers exocytosis of the synaptic vesicles to release the neurotransmitter
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List some foods high in calcium
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milk, yoghurt, cheddar cheese, tofu, bok choy
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T/F Calcium is reactive
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true- therefore found in the body in ionised form
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