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15 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Name the six major nutrients
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Carbohydrates, Lipids,Protein
Vitamins, Minerals & Water |
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What are the dietary sources
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Grains, Fruits, vegatables, meats, fish, and milk products
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Carbohydrates uses & breakdown in the body
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Simple Carb sugars (mono & disaccharides): Fruit, honey & milk
Complex carb (polysaccharides): Bread, ceral, flour, pasta, nuts & potatoes Glucose - used by body cells to make ATP Neurons & RBC's rely almost entirely upon glucose for their energy needs. Excess glucose is converted to glycogen & stored Breakdown: glycolysis --Cellular respiration |
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Lipids - Fatty acids & Glycerol uses & breakdown in the body
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Neutral fats = tryglycerides, made of fatty acids & glycerol
Most abundant dietary lipids In animals & plant foods Function: Hlep to absorb fat-soluble vitamins Major energy fuel of hepatocytes & skeletal muscle Component of cell membranes & myelin sheaths A protective cushion around the body organs and insulating layer beneath the skin Easy to store concentrated source of energy |
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Lipids Fatty acid chains
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Saturated - single bonds, all carbons are saturated w/Hydrogen
Unsaturated - one double bond Polysaturated - several double bonds Breakdown: broken into lipid droplets by enzyme lipase into fatty acids & glycerol |
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Proteins - Amino Acids uses & breakdown in the body
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*Complete proteins = meet all the body's amino acid requirements, the 8 essential amino acids sources - eggs, milk, milk products, meats & fish
Incomplete proteins = Do not have all 8 amino acid sources - legumes, nuts, seeds, grains & vegatables Protein supply: Essential a. a the building blocks for all the other a. a. and proteins Nitrogen for substances containing nitrogen ex: nucleic acids, ATP |
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Protein Synthesis
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All or none rule: 1. All amino acids needed must be present at same time for protein synthesis to occur
2. Adequacy of caloric intake = enough ATP, Protein will be used as fuel if there is insufficient carbohydrate or fat available 3. Nitrogen balance: the rate of protein synthesis =s the rate of breakdown & loss via excretion (skin, urine) 4. Hormonal control: Then anabolic hormones that accelerate protein sysnthesis must be present |
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Protein Synthesis Breakdown
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Proteins are broken down into amino acids
Amino acids are then transaminated=the amine group is removed |
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Fat-soluble vitamins
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A E D K
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Water-Soluble vitamins
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C - citrus fruits, green veggies, iron conn. tiss, matrix synthesis
Niacin - poultry, meat, fish, green leafy veggies Biotin - egg yolk, nuts, liver Folic acid - OJ, eggs, dark green veggies B1 - Thiamin, meats, liver, green veggies B2 - liver, poultry, fish |
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Calcuim sources & use in the body
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milk, shellfish, bone matrix, teeth
Heart rate, membrane permeability, Muscle contraction, Propogation of neuron impulses |
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Phosphorus sources & use in the body
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Meat, Eggs, Grains, Legumes
Phopholipids, ATP, Nucleic acids |
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Magnesium sources & use in the body
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Milk, legumes, green veggies
Conversion of ATP to ADP |
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Sodium & Chloride sources & use in the body
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Table salt
Maintain normal osmolarity, water balance, essential in nerve & muscle function, electrolytes |
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Sulfur sources & use in the body
Potassium sources & use in the body |
Meat, milk, legumes
Connective tissue Fruits, fish, grains, Osmotic pressure across cell membrane, muscle contraction protein synthesis |
