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35 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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DEFINE: LIPIDS
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organic compounds in plants and animals that
are insoluble in water, but are soluble in ether, chloroform or benzene,acetone and certain alcohols. |
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WHAT IS THE CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF LIPIDS?
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Lipids contain C, H and O with more H than CHO and lipids may also contain P and some N
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WHERE ARE TRIGLYCERIDES USUALLY FOUND?
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cereal grains,oilseeds,animal fat and by-products.
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WHAT MAKES UP OF SIMPLE LIPIDS?
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ESTERS OF FATTY ACIDS, WITH VARIOUS ALCOHOLS
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WHAT ARE STEROLS?
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LIPIDS W/ PHENANTHREINE-TYPE RING STRUCTURES
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WHAT IS THE MOST ABUNDANT FATTY ACID IN FORAGE?
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LINOLENIC ACID (aka 18:3)
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WHY DOES LINOLENIC ACID ALSO CALLED 18:3?
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IT CONTAINS 18C WITH 3 DOUBLE BONDS IN THE CHAIN
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WHAT ARE THE MOST ABUNDANT F.A. FOUND IN CEREALS AND OIL SEEDS?
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LINOLEIC ACID (18:2)
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WHAT ARE PUFA? WHAT ARE THE 2 EXAMPLES OF THIS?
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POLYUNSATURATED F.A. LINOLENIC AND LENOLEIC ACIDS
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WHAT IS THE OLEIC ACID?
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OCTADECENOIC ACID, C18:1
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WHAT IS THE MOST COMMON F.A. IN ANIMAL FAT? WHAT TYPE OF FAT IS IT?
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OLEIC ACID OR 18:1. IT IS A MONOUNSATURATED FAT
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WHAT IS THE MOST COMMON F.A. IN COW MILK? IS IT SATURATED OR UNSATURATED?
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PALMITIC ACID (16:1) , SATURATED
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WHAT KIND OF F.A. IS BODY FAT CONSIDERED AS?
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STEARIC ACID , 18:0, SATURATED
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WHAT ARE THE SIGNS OF EFA DEFICIENCY?
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‑ skin lesions, reproductive failure, edema, subcutaneous hemorrhage ; often not seen in rumants b/c EFA are made by lungs
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what is the key requirement for fat digestion?
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solubility
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what is the enzymatic juice that allows digestion for fat digestion?
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bile
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what does bile contain that allow solubility?
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?
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what does bile contain that allows for solubility?
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bile s?
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what are the factors that influence absorption?
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1. the degree of saturations of F.A.
2. chain length of F.A. (harder of <18 pairs)] 3. amt of fat consumed 4. overheating & autotoxidation 5. optimal dietary calcium= optional FA absorption (high Ca = decrease absorption) |
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What are the stuctures that form lipoproteins?
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hydrophobic core of trigylcerid and cholesterol esters (non-polar)
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what are the two forms of tissue that form in the adipose tissue of mammals or in the liver of birds?
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fatty acids, TG
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what are the factors that could contribute to obesity?
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1. genetics, 2. behavior, 3. caloric intake, 4. endocrine system, 5. lack of exercise
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what are the causes of fatty liver syndrome?
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1. high fat or high CHO diets, 2. excessive lipid mobilization, 3. impaired lipid transport from liver, 4. liver damage (e.g. infection, poisons, cirrhosis)
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what controls the types of FAs synthesized?
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genes more than diet does
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You only find lipids in animals. T/F?
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FALSE. lipids are organic compounds present in both plants and animals. they are insoluble in water; soluble in ether chloroform or benzene, acetone and certain alcohols
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What type of lipid is found in forages?
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glycolipids
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what are glycolipids? provide an ex.
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2 or more sugars linked to one position of glycerol ex. galactolipids
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define: sterols
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lipids with phenanthrene-type ring structures e.g. steroid hormones
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define: fatty acids
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hydrocarbon chains ranging in length from 2-24 carbons
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fxn of phospholipids
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form cell membrane of all animal or plant cells
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what is the significance of having "cis" or "trans" configuration in fatty acids?
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cis or trans refers to the orientation of the similar atoms on each side of the double bond. cis-same side; trans-opposite sides
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what property would a fatty acid have if it has "cis" configuration in its double bond?
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more fluid, lower melting point
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all the plants fatty acid are unsaturated with what type of configuration?
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"cis"
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What are essential fatty acids (EFA)?
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f.a. not made in sufficient quantities in the body so must be provided in the diet
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compare simple F.A. to complex F.A.
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