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32 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Anabolism
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Constructive (building up) part of metabolism
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Catabolism
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Destructive (breaking apart) part of metabolism
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Hydrolysis
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Decomposition involving splitting of bond and addition of H
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Condensation
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Chemical reaction involving union between molecules often w/ elimination of simple molecule
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Emulsifier
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An agent used to combine 2 combatant substances- ie. Water and oil
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Enzyme
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Any of numerous proteins that are produced by living cells & catalyze specific biochemical reactions @ body temp.
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Hormone
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Chemical substance produced in body that controls & regulates activity of certain cells/ organs
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Gluconeogenesis
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Formation of glucose w/in body from substances (fats, proteins) that aren't carbs
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Glycemic Index
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Measure of rate @ which ingested food causes level of glucose in blood to rise
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Deamination
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To remove amino group from a compound
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PEM
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Protein Energy Malnutrition- leads to growth problems
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Kwashiorkor
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Severe protein malnutrition, atrophy
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Marasmus
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Progressive wasting of body
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BMI
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Body Mass Index- used to determine health risks; normal is between18.5 & 24.9
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BMR
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Basal Metabolic Rate- minimum amt. of energy needed @ rest to carry on vital body processes
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Adaptive Thermogenesis
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Regulated production of heat in response to environmental changes
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Thermic Effect on Food
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Energy body uses to digest, absorb, & further process food nutrients
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6 Nutrient Categories
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Carbohydrates, Lipids, Proteins, Vitamins, Minerals, and Water
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6 Food Groups
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Grains, fruits, vegetables, dairy, meats/ meat alternatives, fats/ oils
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Complete Proteins
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Provide all 9 Essential Amino Acids- ALL animal products have except for gelatin
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Incomplete Proteins
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Are missing at least 1 essential Amino Acid; plant foods
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Essential Nutrients
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Essential Amino Acids, fat-soluble vitamins, linoleic fatty acid, water
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Kilocalories Each Nutrient Provides
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Fats= 9, Alcohol= 7, Carbs= 4, Protein= 4, Minerals/Vitamins/Water= 0
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Functions of Carbs
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1. Provide energy 2. Spares protein 3. Regulates fat metabolism 4. Assist in GI Tract function
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Functions of Proteins
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1. Growth and maintenance of body cells/ tissues 2. Form body compounds 3. Regulate water balance 4. Maintain body neutrality 5. Provide energy
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Functions of Fats (In Diet)
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1. Provide energy 2. Provide satiety 3. Carries essential nutrients 4. Makes food palatable
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Functions of Fats (In Body)
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1. Collect in adipocytes and around organs 2. Insulation 3. Energy storage
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Functions of Water
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1. Act as solvent 2. Participates in Metabolism 3. Provides skin turgor 4. Lubricant 5. Shock absorber 6. Regulates temperature
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Digestion of Carbs
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Mouth: salivary amylase(starts breakdown) Stomach: N/A Small Intestine- Pancreas: Secretes Pancreatic Amylase Gall Bladder: N/A Liver: N/A
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Digestion of Fats
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Mouth:Linguinal Lipase Stomach: Gastric Lipase Small Intestine- Pancreas: Pancreatic Lipase Gall Bladder: N/A Liver: N/A
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Digestion of Proteins
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Mouth: N/A Stomach: Pepsin (Hydrolysis) and Acid (Denature) Small Intestine: Trypsin (hydrolysis)
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Dietary Recommendations
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Carbs: 55% total kcals, greater than 50g/day to prevent ketosis Fats:30% total kcals, less than 7% total kcals saturated fat, less than 300mg/day cholesterol Proteins: 15% total kcals, 9 Essential Amino Acids
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