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42 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Fat, protein, and dextrose contain how many kcal/g?
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Fat = 9 kcal/g
Protein = 4 kcal/g Dextrose = 3.4 kcal/g |
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What is the nutritional requirement for an average adult male?
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1 gram protein/kg/day
30% non protein calories are from fat 70% non protein calories are from dextrose |
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What effect does pregnancy and lactation have on kcal requirement?
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Pregnancy = increases 300 kcal/day
Lactation = increases 500 kcal/day |
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How many calories does a 70 kg male with a 30% TBSA burn require?
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2,650 kcal
25 kcal/kg/day + (30 kcal/day x %burn) |
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How much protein does a 70 kg male with 30% TBSA burns require?
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160 grams
1 g/kg/day + (3g x %burn) |
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Basal metabolic rate increases how much with each degree above 38 C?
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10%
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T/F
TPN is fat based, while PPN is glucose based. |
False
Opposite |
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What is the fuel for colonocytes?
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Short chained fatty acids
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What is the fuel for enterocytes?
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Glutamine
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What other process uses glutamine as its primary fuel?
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Neoplastic Cell
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What lab is the best for assessing pre-op nutritional status?
A) Pre-albumin B) Albumin C) Transferrin |
Pre-albumin because half life 2 days
(Albumin 20 days, Transferrin 10 days) |
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What is the IBW of of a 5'11" male?
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172 lbs
Male = 106 lbs + 6 lbs for each inch above 5' Female = 100 lbs + 5 lbs for each inch above 5' |
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What is the respiratory quotient (RQ)?
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Ratio of CO2 produced to O2 consumed
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What is the RQ for overfeeding?
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RQ > 1
Treatment = decreased carbs and caloric intake |
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What does a RQ of <0.7 represent?
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Starvation --> ketosis and fat oxidation
Treatment = increase feeding |
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What is the RQ for protein metabolism?
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RQ = 0.8
Fat metabolism = 0.7 Carb metabolism = 1.0 |
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T/F
Glycogen stores are depleted within 24-36 hours of major stress/starvation? |
True
Body then switches to fat metabolism |
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Glycogen is stored where in the body?
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Liver and skeletal muscle
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What enzyme used to break down glycogen to glucose is present in the liver and NOT in skeletal muscle?
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Glucose 6 phosphatase
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What is the amino acid precursor to gluconeogenesis?
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Alanine
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What are the only amino acids to increase during stress?
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Alanine and phenylalanine
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Gluconeogenesis occurs in the kidney when?
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Late starvation
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T/F
Protein is conserved in trauma. |
False
Protein is conserved in starvation. |
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What is the main source of energy in trauma and starvation?
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Fat (ketones)
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How does non enteral feedings contribute to bacterial translocation?
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1) Bacterial Overgrowth in bowel
2) Starved enterocytes have increased permeability |
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What fuel does the brain use during starvation?
A) Ketones B) Glucose C) Amino Acids |
A) Ketones -- usually uses glucose
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What electrolytes are low in refeeding syndrome? Why?
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1) K, Mg, Phos
2) Increased insulin with addition of glucose to diet -- increase in glycogen --> uses K, Mg, Phos |
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T/F
Cachexia is mediated by TNF alpha? |
True
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How many grams of protein does it take to contain 1 gram of nitrogen?
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6.25 grams
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How does the liver get rid of ammonia from amino acid breakdown?
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Urea production
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T/F
Micelles are made from bile salts, short chain fatty acids, and monoacylglycerides? |
False
Long chain fatty acids -- short chain and medium chain enter the enterocyte by simple diffuse |
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How do micelles enter the enterocyte?
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Fusion with membrane
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What are the fat soluble vitamins?
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A, D, E, K
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T/F
Once micelles enter the enterocyte, they form chylomicrons. |
True
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What is the function of lipoprotein lipase?
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Clears chylomicrons and TG from blood --> break down to fatty acid and glycerol
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Where does lipoprotein lipase function?
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Liver endothelium
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What is the fuel for cardiac and skeletal muscle?
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Saturated fatty acids
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What are the essential fatty acids?
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Linolenic, Linoleic
*Needed for PG synthesis and immune cells |
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What is the first step (enzyme) in carbohydrate digestion?
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Salivary amylase
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Why limit protein intake in liver and renal patients?
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Prevent ammonia build up -- may worsen encephalopathy
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What are the branched chain amino acids?
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Leucine, Isoleucine, Valine
*Essential amino acids |
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Branched Chain Amino Acids are metabolized in:
A) Kidney B) Liver C) Muscle |
C) Muscle
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