Nutrition 2

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triglycerides

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most common lipid found in the body compound made up of three fatty acid chains connected to a glycerol

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lipids/fats

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category of compounds containing carbon, hydrogen and oxygen that are hydrophobic, they store energy and provide insulation for the body

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fatty acids

Back 3

the basic unit of triglycerides and phospholipids

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phospholipids

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lipids made up of two fatty acid groups attached to a glycerol backbone

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monounsaturated fatty acid

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a fatty acid that has one double bond

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saturated fatty acids

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a fatty acid that has all of its carbons bound with hydrogen

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unsaturated fatty acid

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1 or more double bond between carbons

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essential fatty acids

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make eicosanoids and help keep cell membranes healthy

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linoleic acid

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used to make arachidonic acid which is important for cells and for making eicosanoids. deficiency can interfere with normal growth and causes skin inflamation

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hydrogenation

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adding hydrogen to an unsaturated fatty acid to make it more saturated and solid at room temperature

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proteins

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the predominant structure and functional material in every cell. responsible for the growth of muscle fingernails and helps fight off infection

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denaturation

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the alteration of a proteins shape which changes the structure and function of the protein

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kwashiorkor

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acute PEM; severe deficiency of dietary protein

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marasmic

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chronic PEM; severe deficiency of calories

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nitrogen balance

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the state in which an individual is consuming the same amount of nitrogen in the diet as he or she is excreting in the urine

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complete protein

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a protein that provides all the essential amino acids that your body needs along with some nonessential amino acids. EX. Soy and protein from animals

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semivegetarian

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a vegetarian diet that occasionally includes meat, fish, and pultry

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lacto-ovo-vegetarian

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vegetarian diet that includes grains vegetables fruits legumes seeds nuts dairy and eggs

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lacto-vegetarian

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vegetarian diet that includes grains vegetables fruits legumes seeds nuts and dairy

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Ovo-vegetarian

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a vegetarian diet grains vegetables fruits legumes seeds nuts and eggs

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fat soluble vitamins

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ADEK stored in liver, fat and muscle tissue

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water soluble vitamins

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BC absorbed with water

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vitamin A

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retinoids found in carrots and essential for healthy eyes prolonged deficiency can lead to xerophthalmia

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vitamin D

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sunshine vitamin, needed for abortion of calcium a deficiency could cause rickets, drinking fortified milk

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vitamin C

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from citrus fruits, needed for helathy bones, skin, teeth and blood vessels, a deficiency could lead to scurvy

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vitamin E

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antioxidant that protects your cell membranes deficiency could cause hemorrhage found in vegetables oils and seeds

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vitamin K

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vitamin that helps your blood clott found in green vegetables

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Thiamin

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needed for nerve function and energy metabolism found in whole grains deficiency could cause beriberi

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riboflavin

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important for energy metabolism and healthy cells found in milk and yogurt

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niacin

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niacin is needed to use the energy in your food found in meat fish and poultry deficiency could cause pellagra

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folate

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vital for DNA synthesis, prevents birth defects found in enriched pasta rice bread and cereal

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solvent

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a liquid that acts as a medium in which substances dissolve, water is considered the universal solvent

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transport medium

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water transports substances throughout your body

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maintain body temperature

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water acts like a coolant that runs through a car

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lubricant and protective cushion

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water acts as a cushion and lubricant for your joints

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DASH diet

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dietary approach to stop hypertension

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mineral water

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water derived form an underground source that contains a specific amount of naturally occurring minerals and trace elements

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spring water

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water that is obtained from underground water that flows naturally to the surface

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sparkling water

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spring water that has carbon dioxide gas added to supply "bubbles"

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distilled water

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water that has been boiled and processed to remove most but not all contaminants

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flavored water

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water that has a flavor added

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vitamin or enhanced water

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water that has vitamins proteins herbs and caffeine added

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potassium

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mineral needed for fluid balance and as a blood buffer found in fruits and vegetables

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calcium

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mineral helps build strong bones and teeth found in milk and yogurt

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phosphorus

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mineral needed for bone and teeth and is an important component of cells found in animal sources and dairy

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magnesium

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mineral needed for metabolism and to maintain healthy muscles nerves bones and heart found in whole grains, nuts, and fruits (bananas)

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chloride

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mineral helps maintain fluid balance and acid base balance

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sulfur

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mineral helps shape some amino acids found in meat dairy vegetables fruits and eggs

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osteoporosis

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a condition in which the bones are less dense

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iron

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trace mineral important for oxygen transport found in cereals

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copper

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trace mineral important for iron absorption found in liver, seafood and whole grain products, excess can cause stomach cramps, nausea, diarrhea, vomiting, liver damage

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zinc

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trace mineral needed for DNA synthesis, found in red meat and whole grains, deficiency causes hair loss, impaired taste, loss of appetite, diarrhea, delayed sexual maturation, impotence, skin rashes, impaired growth

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selenium

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trace mineral needed by your thyroid found in meat seafood pasta grain dairy food deficiency can cause keshan disease, damages the heart

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fluoride

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trace mineral that protects against dental caries found in water coffee and tea to much could cause fluorosis

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chromium

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trace mineral that helps insulin in your body found in meat eggs poultry and some fruits and veggies

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iodine

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trace mineral essential for your thyroid found in water deficiency causes goiter and cretinism

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manganese

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trace mineral needed in metabolism and for healthy bones found in whole grains nuts vegetables and fruits to much is toxic