Reading...
Play button
Play button
Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
73 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
the nutrients fall into ___ classes
|
6
|
|
|
most energy-rich of nutrients is
|
carbohydrate
|
|
|
energy yeilding nutrients include
|
protein and fat
|
|
|
scientist measure food in
|
grams
|
|
|
the word essential means
|
a necessary nutrients that can be obtained only from the diet
|
|
|
carbohydrates and protein each contain ____ calories in a gram
|
4
|
|
|
fat contains ____ calories in a gram
|
9
|
|
|
vitamins can give energy because
|
they undergo oxidation
|
|
|
enriched food is
|
a product that is low in calories and high in nutrients
|
|
|
food intake daily affects your body bc
|
improper balance of nutrients over time can lead to chronic diseases in the future
|
|
|
phytochemicals found in foods are important
|
they decrease the risk of developing certain diseases when they are eaten
|
|
|
2005 dietary guidelines encourage americans to consume less
|
refined grains, added sugar
|
|
|
what lipids must be listed on food labels
|
trans fat and cholesterol
|
|
|
daily values sugest an average person consumes ___ calories a day
|
2000-2500
|
|
|
DRI states that a diet that contains % o calories from carbs
|
45-65
|
|
|
best and safest source of phytochemicals
|
whole foods
|
|
|
best way to consume phytochemicals is
|
include a variety of fruits and veggies containing them
|
|
|
daily intake goals that meet the needs of 97%
|
recommended dietary allowance
|
|
|
the bodies circulating fluids are
|
blood and lymph
|
|
|
when the pancreas detects a high concentration of the bloods sugar, gluclose is releases
|
insulin
|
|
|
what defends the body tissues from invaders
|
phagocytes
|
|
|
liver converts excess nutrients into
|
fats
|
|
|
primary source of digestion happens in the
|
small intestine
|
|
|
stomachs main function is to digest
|
protein
|
|
|
the digestion of food includes the mechanical action of
|
peristalsis waves to move the food down through the digestive tract
|
|
|
the main purpose of the kidneys is to
|
remove everyday wastes and water from the body
|
|
|
manufactures bile to help digest fats
|
liver
|
|
|
opens to allow elimination
|
anus
|
|
|
churns, mixes, and grinds food into liquid mass
|
stomach
|
|
|
reabsorbs water and minerals
|
large intestine
|
|
|
stores bile until needed
|
gallbladder
|
|
|
passes food to the stomach
|
esophagus
|
|
|
manufactures enzymes to digest all energy yeilding nutrients
|
pancreas
|
|
|
chews and mixes food with saliva
|
mouth
|
|
|
stores waste prior to elimination
|
rectum
|
|
|
secrets enzymes that digest carbohydrates, fat and protein
|
small intestine
|
|
|
long chains of sugar units arranged to form starch or fiber
|
complex carbohydrates
|
|
|
most used monosaccharide in the body
|
glucose
|
|
|
products of the incomplete breakdown of fat that occurs when carbohydrates are not available are
|
ketone bodies
|
|
|
starvation always incurs wasting of body tissue and loss of fat
|
False
|
|
|
what is not a desirable blood lipid level value
|
high LDL
or low HDL |
|
|
fat stored in the body is used as a source of energy when not enough energy is available from food. process involves
|
dismantling stored fat in fat cells and releasing components into the blood
|
|
|
the lipoproteins LDL and HDL are important in heart disease risk because of the following properties and actions
|
HDL play an important role in scavenging cholesterol from the tissues for disposal/recycling
|
|
|
when attempting to increase intake of the essential fatty acids it would be good to
|
increase intake of fish containing EPA and DHA bc of heart health benefits
|
|
|
a lipid that is solid at room temperature
|
animal fat
|
|
|
one of the three main classes of dietary lipids, chief form of fat in foods
|
triglyceride
|
|
|
a phospholipid which is a major constituent of cell membranes, and that works as an emulsifier
|
lecithin
|
|
|
on of the sterols manufactured in the body
|
cholesterol
|
|
|
a lipid molecule is made up of 3 fatty acids and
|
glycerol
|
|
|
name of the major omega- 3 fatty acid in the food and essential for the body
|
linolenic acid
|
|
|
a lipid that is a lipid at room temperature
|
oil
|
|
|
how many amino acids are considered to be essential amino acids
|
9
|
|
|
more animal protein you eat the higher the intake of
|
vitamin b12
|
|
|
the roles of enzymes formed by the body proteins are important when foods are eaten because
|
an enzyme acts as a catalyst to speed up a reaction without being altered itself
|
|
|
poorly-planned veggitarian diets dont lack
|
folate
|
|
|
any disease the produces ___ malabsorbtion can bring about deficiencies of vitamin A D E K
|
fat
|
|
|
uniformed strict veggitarian is at risk of ____ dificiency
|
vitamin b12
|
|
|
characteristics of water soluble vitamins included
|
they seldom reach toxic levels, easily abosrobed and excreted, dissovle in water
|
|
|
take antibiotics might become deficient in what vitamin
|
K
|
|
|
vitamin toxicity is more of an concern with what type of vitamin
|
fat soluble bc they are stored more readily in the body
|
|
|
antioxidant nutrients that actively scavenge and quench free radicals in the body include
|
vitamin E, C
|
|
|
what makes up 60% of body weight
|
water
|
|
|
most abundant mineral in the body
|
calcium
|
|
|
cheif ion used to maintain volume of fluid outside cells is
|
sodium
|
|
|
what must be available for thyroxine to be synthesized
|
iodine
|
|
|
a higher basal metabolic rate happens withe the ____ person
|
taller
|
|
|
BMI equation
|
weight X 703/ height squared
|
|
|
one pound of body fat is equal to _____ calories
|
3500
|
|
|
early food deprivation the nervous system cannot use ___ as fuel
|
fat
|
|
|
a very low carbohydrate diet may be accompained by
|
increased appetite, initially
|
|
|
if a person who uses fasting to lose weight, how will the body react
|
body break down fat into ketone bodies to provide fuel
|
|
|
resting blood pressure should ideally be
|
120/80
|
|
|
at what weight does a woman with hypertension who weights 165 lbs see a significant lower blood pressure value
|
155 bc it can be seen at loss of 10 lbs
|
