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38 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Life Expectancy
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The average # of years lived. Biological Factors: diseases, gender.
Lifestyle factors: exercise, polution, radiation, and smoking |
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Morbidity
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Cases of disease (fatal or not) in a period of time
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Cause & Effect
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When we have scientific proof that one thing is causing another A-B
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Association
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When we just know that two things are "related" in some way. 'When A goes up then B goes down."
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Hypothesis
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An unproven statement that tentatively explains the relationships between two or more variables.
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Placebo
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An inactive substance that is outwardly undistinguishable from the active substance whose effects are being studied.
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Mortality
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deaths due to a specific disease in a period of time
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double-blind design
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neither the subjects nor the investigators know which study group is receiving the placebo or active substance.
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Food groups
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*breads and cereals
*vegetables *fruits *meats and meat alternatives *milk and milk products |
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Daily values
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*6-11 servings of bread and cereals
*3-5 vegetables *2-4 fruits *2-3 meats and meat alternatives *2 of milk and milk products |
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Empty kilocalorie foods
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foods that contribute energy but lack protein, vitamins & minerals
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Nutrient density
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measure of nutrients provided relative to energy provided.
More nutrients w/ fewer kcalories, the higher the nutrient density. |
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Malnutrition
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over or under nutrition
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Nutritional assessment
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comprehensive analysis of person nutrition status, uses health, socioeconomic, drug, and diet hostories.
anthropometric measures, physical examinations, and laboratory tests. |
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Estimated average Requirement (EAR)
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nutrient intake level estimated to meet the needs of 50% of a particular population.
Used to determine RDAs. |
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Recommended dietary allowance (RDA)
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values represent best estimates of how much of a nutrient intake is required to meet the requirements of practically all healthy individuals. 98%
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Adequate intake (AI)
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Simply a measurment of what healthy people consume.
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Tolerable Upper level intake (UI)
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Maximal intakes that are thought to be safe.
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Dietary Referance Intake (DRI)
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Set of preferance values of nutrient intakes to be used in assessing and planning diets for healthy people.
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Infant Mortality Rate (IMR)
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The # of infant deaths under the age of 1.
7/1000 in 2005. Causes: infections, abuse, accidents, birth defects, poor maternal nutrition. |
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Nutrient
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Any substance in food that the body can use either to:
*obtain energy *synthesize tissues *regulate body tissues *other substances in food that influence health. |
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Kilocalorie
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The way food energy is measured. amount of heat necessary to raise the temp of 1kg of water to 1 degree C.
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Rectum
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the muscular terminal part of the intestine, extending from the sigmoid colon to the anus.
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Anus
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the terminal outlet of the GI tract.
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Lg. Intestine
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the lower portion of intestine that completes the digestive process. It's segments are the ascending colon, transverse colon, descending colon and the sigmoid colon
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Sm. Intestine
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10-foot in length of small-diameter intestine that is the major site of digestion of food and absorption of nutrients. segments are the duodenum, jejunum and ileum.
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Stomach
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A muscular, elastic, saclike portion of the digestive tract that grinds and churns swallowed food, mixing it with acid and enzymes to form chyme.
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Esophageal Sphincter
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A sphincter muscle at the upper or lower end of the esophagus. the lower esophageal sphincter is also called the cardiac sphincter.
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Esophagus
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The food pipe. The conduit from the mouth to the stomach.
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Sphincter
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A circular muscle surrounding and able to close, a body opening. Sphincters are found at specific points along the GI tract and regulate the flow of food particles
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Bolus
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A portion. with respect to food. the amount swallowed at one time.
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Chyme
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The semiliquid mass of partly digested food expelled by the stomach into the duodenum.
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Peristalsis
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Wavelike muscular contractions of the GI tract that push its contents along.
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Segmentation
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periodic squeezing or partitioning of the intesting at intervals along its length by its circular muscles.
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hormone
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chemical messengers. secreted by a variety of glands in response to altered conditions in the body.
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Enzyme
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proteins that facilitate chemical reactions without being changed in the process. protein catalyst
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Digestion
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Process in which food is broken down into absorbable units.
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Absorption
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uptake of nutrients by the cells of the small intestine for transport into either the blood or the lymph.
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