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65 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is the average % body fat for a woman?
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32%
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What is the average % body fat for a man?
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18%
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What is sarcopenia?
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decline in lean mass with aging
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What is marasmus?
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chronically decreased intake of protein and calories, starvation-induced
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What do you see in marasmus?
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weight loss, fat/muscle wasting, adequate visceral proteins, normal skin test response
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What can cause marasmus?
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anorexia, esophageal cancer, malabsorption, anything causing starvation
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Waht is the body's response to starvation?
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depleted glycogen, catabolize lean mass, use ketone bodies and FFA, decrease energy used, only make essentials, anemia, decrease insulin concentration
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What is Classic Kwashiorkor?
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diet deficient in good protein, but abundant carbohydrate
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What causes Classic Kwashiorskor?
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parasite stress or infection
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What do you see in Classic Kwashiorkor?
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edema, hypoalbuminemia, fatty liver
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When do you see Kwashiorkor-like malnutrition?
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disease, inflammation, injury
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What causes Kwashiorkor-like malnutrition?
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probably some kind of hypoalbuminemic stress response
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What do you see in Kwashiorkor-like malnutrition?
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weight maintenance, adequate fat/muscle, depleted visceral proteins, edema, anergy
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What is released in the acute phase inflammatory response?
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epi, GH, glucagon, corticosteroids, cytokines
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Which cytokines are released in acute phase inflammatory response?
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TNF, IL-1, 2, 6
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What causes acute phase inflammatory response?
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disease, illness, injury
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What does acute phase inflammatory response do?
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elevates resting energy expendicture, export AA from muscle to liver, increase gluconeogenesis, expands EC fluid, shift towards producing acute phase reactants
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What does low albumin mean?
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underlying inflammation or disease
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What diseases can cause low albumin?
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liver, nephrotic sydnrome, protein-wasting, inflammatory
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What is Pellgra?
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niacin deficiency
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What do you see in pellgra?
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dermatitis, diarrhea, dementia, death
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What do you see in scurvy?
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perifollicular petechiae, cork screw hairs, bleeding gums, anemia, thrombocytopenia, poor wound healing
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What do you see in ostemalacia?
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bone pain and tenderness, skeletal deformity, waddling gait
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What causes osteomalacia?
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vitamin D deficiency
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What weight loss is signficant over 1 week?
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1-2%
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What weight loss is severe over 1 week?
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>2%
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What weight loss is significant after 1 month?
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5%
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What weight loss is significant after 3 months?
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7.5%
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What weight loss is significant after 6 months?
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10%
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What is normal albumin?
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3.5-5.0
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What is severelyd epleted albumin?
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<2.1%
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What is normal transferrin?
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176-315<11718045
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What is severely depleted transferrin?What is normal prealbumin?What is everely depleted prealbumin?
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<5
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What is normal lymphocyte count?
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1801-3500
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What is severely depleted lymphocyte?
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<900
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What can cause high albumin?
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dehydration, administering exogenous albumin
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What can cause low albumin?
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liver disease, surgical stress, trauma, infection, ascites, edema, overhydration
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What can cause high transferrin?
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iron deficiency anemia, acute hepatitis, chronic blood loss, dehydration
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What can cause low transferrin?
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end-stage liver disease, edema, surgical stress, trauma, acute/chronic infection
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What can cause high prealbumin?
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chronic renal failure
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What can cause low prealbumin?
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liver disease, surgical stress, trauma, infection, dialysis
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What can cause high retinol-binding protein?
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renal failure
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What can cause low retinol-binding protein?
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vitamin A deficiency, catabolism, liver disease, surgical stress
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What is creatinine hiehgt index?
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correlates with muscle mass
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How do you calculate creatinine height index?
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(urinary Cr/ideal Cr) x 100
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What does 3-methylhistidine do?
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excreted in urine as an indicator of muscle catabolism
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What are functional assessments of poor nutrition?
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low lymphocyte count, skin testing, lymphocyte subsets, hand grip, wound healing
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What is dynamometry?
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poor hand grip
indicator of bad nutrtion |
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Why would you measure cholesterol for malnutrition?
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falls with inflammatory response or underlying disease
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Why would you measure C-reactive protein for malnutrition?
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increases with inflammatory response
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how does albumin change with malnutrition?
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low as long as patient is stressed, improves over weeks once stress is alleviated
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How much fruit should you eat per day?
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2 cups
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How much veggies?
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2.5 cups
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How much whole grain product?
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>3 oz
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How much dairy?
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3 c fat-free or low fat
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How many of your calories should come from sat fat?
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<10%
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How many of your calories should come from fat?
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20-35%
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How much sodium should you get per day?
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< 2300 mg
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How many services of dairy?
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2-3
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How many servings of protein?
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203
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How many servings of veggies?
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3-5
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How many servings of fruit?
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2-4
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How many servings of grains?
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6-11
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What is the estimated average requirement?
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intake that meets estimated nutrient needs of 60% of people in a group
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What is tolerable upper intake level?
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max intake unlikely to pose health risks in almost all healthy individuals in a group
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