Nutrition 11 Ch. 3

Front 1

Food provides us with:

Back 1

-Energy for body processes
-Heat for body temperature regulation
-Building blocks for growth and maintenance of body tissues

Front 2

Food is intimately connected to our sense of taste, but also stimulates our senses of:

Back 2

 Sight
 Smell
 Touch
 Hearing

Front 3

physiological sensation to eat
 Regulated by internal cues

Back 3

Hunger:

Front 4

psychological desire to eat
 Strong drive to eat even when we’re not hungry

Back 4

Appetite:

Front 5

the feeling of being full

Back 5

Satiety:

Front 6

Eating disorder marked by a physiologic need for food yet have no appetite

Back 6

Anorexia:

Front 7

___________ region of the brain is the feeding center.

Back 7

Hypothalamus

Front 8

 Nerve cells in stomach and small intestine sense food and send message to _________
 Hormones relay messages to the ____________.
 Amount and type of food consumed influence ______.

Back 8

-Nerve cells in stomach and small intestine sense food and send message to the hypothalamus.
-Hormones relay messages to the hypothalamus
-Amount and type of food consumed influence satiety

Front 9

Why Do We Want to Eat?
The signals that prompt us to eat include:

Back 9

 Nerve receptors in the stomach send signals to the hypothalamus to indicate if the stomach is full or empty
 Blood glucose levels trigger the release of hormones called insulin and glucagon

Front 10

chemicals produced in specialized glands that travel in the bloodstream to target organs in other parts of the body.

Back 10

Hormones:

Front 11

Why Do We Want to Eat?

Some hormones:

Back 11

-stimulate hunger
-produce a feeling of satiety

Front 12

Foods have differing effects on our feelings of hunger and satiety.
Which type of nutrients:
-have the highest satiety value
-have a lower satiety value than fats
-_______ foods provide a sense of satiety
-_______ foods are more filling than semi-solid foods or liquids

Back 12

-Proteins have the highest satiety value
-Carbohydrates have a lower satiety value than fats
-Bulky foods provide a sense of satiety
-Solid foods are more filling than semi-solid foods or liquids

Front 13

___________ are the building blocks of cells.
________:the smallest unit of life.

Back 13

-Molecules are the building blocks of the cells.
- Cells are the smallest unit of life.

Front 14

A group of cells acting together to perform a common function.

Back 14

Tissues

Front 15

Different tissues combine to form:

Back 15

organs.

Front 16

Groups of organs working together for a particular function form:

Back 16

Organ systems

Front 17

The food we eat undergoes three processes:

Back 17

1. Digestion
2. Absorption
3. Elimination

Front 18

An enzyme produced by the salivary glands that begins the chemical digestion of carbohydrates

Back 18

Salivary amylase:

Front 19

An enzyme released in the stomach to digest protein

Back 19

Pepsin:

Front 20

An enzyme released in the stomach to digest fat

Back 20

Gastric lipase

Front 21

This is released in the stomach to protect the stomach lining.

Back 21

Mucus

Front 22

semi-solid product of mechanical and chemical digestion in the stomach.

Back 22

Chyme

Front 23

The _________ produces bile which emulsifies fats

Back 23

The liver

Front 24

-Produces many digestive enzymes
-Produces bicarbonate to neutralize chyme

Back 24

The pancreas

Front 25

stores bile

Back 25

The gall bladder

Front 26

the process of taking molecules across a cell membrane and into cells of the body.

Back 26

Absorption

Front 27

In the _________.
-Very little digestion takes place
-Material is stored 12–24 hours prior to elimination
-Water and some nutrients are absorbed

Back 27

large intestine

Front 28

___________is painful, persistent heartburn.

Back 28

GERD (gastroesophageal reflux disease)

Front 29

____________ are regions of the GI tract that have been eroded by HCL and pepsin.

Back 29

Peptic ulcers

Front 30

A particular food causes numerous unpleasant symptoms including
 Gas
 Pain
 Diarrhea
The immune system is not involved.

Back 30

Food intolerance:

Front 31

Hypersensitivity reaction of the immune system to a component in a food.

Back 31

Food allergy:

Front 32

 Complete intolerance for gluten, a protein found in wheat, rye, and barley
 Can damage the small intestine leading to poor absorption of nutrients
 Requires a diet lacking wheat, rye, and barley
 There may be a genetic component to the disease

Back 32

Celiac disease

Front 33

Constipation = No stool passed for ___ or more days

Back 33

two

Front 34

_________________ is a disorder that interferes with normal colon function.
Symptoms of ________ include
 Abdominal cramps and bloating
 Either diarrhea or constipation
___________ is more common in women than in men.

Back 34

Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS)

Symptoms of IBS include:

IBS is more common in women than men.