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63 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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bas - base
calor - heat carot - carrot lip - fat |
mal - bad, abnormal
meter - measure nutri - nourish obes - fat pell - skin |
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Chemical substances supplied by the environment required for survival
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Nutrients
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Macronutrients
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Carbohydrates, proteins & fats
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Micronutrients
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Vitamins & minerals
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Essential Nutrients
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We need, but can't make on our own. Human cells cannot synthesize certain amino acids
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Substances that control appetite
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Insulin
Leptin Neuropeptied Y Proteins Ghrelin |
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Substance in the Pancrease
Stimulates adipocytes to admit glucose & store fat; glycogen synthesis |
Insulin
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Substance in Adipocytes
Surpresses appetite and increase metabolic rate after eating |
Leptin
Inhibits neuropeptie release from hypothalamus |
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Low Leptin tells us....
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That fat storage is low and that we are hungry
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Substance in Hypothalamus
Enhances appetite |
Neuropeptide Y Proteins
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Cells in stomach that enhance appetite by stimulating release of neuropeptide Y
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Ghrelin
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Process of glycogen synthesis
(Formation of glycogen from glucose) |
Glycogenesis
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The breakdown of glycogen to glucose
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Glycogenolysis
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Process of converting noncarbohydrates to glucose
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Gluconeogenesis
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Process in the liver to break down proteins by removal of amino groups (NH2)
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Deamination
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Measure the rate at which the body expends energy under rest conditions
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Basal Metabolic Rate (BMR)
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Measurement of relative weight (underweight, normal, overweight, obesity)
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Body Mass Index (BMI)
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Starvation
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A person with negative nitrogen balance because the amount of nitrogen excreted as a result of amino acid oxidation exceeds the amount the diet replaces
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Carbohydrate Sources
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Sugars and starches usually in plant sources
Glycogen in meats |
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Carbohydrate Use
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Oxidized for energy
Production of molecules (ribose, deoxyribose) Stored in liver and muscles of glycogen Coverted to fats and stored in adipose tissue |
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Lipid Sources
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Meats
Eggs Milk Lard Plant oils |
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Lipid Use
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Oxidized for energy
Production of triglycerides, phospholipids, lipoproteins and cholesteral Stored in adipose tissue |
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Protein Sources
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Meats
Cheese Nuts Legumes |
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Protein Use
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Deamination (breakdown of amines)
Production of protein molecules (Essential amino acids) |
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Fat Soluble Vitamins
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Vitamin D
Vitamin K |
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Which vitamin...
Promotes absorption of calcium and phosporus Promotes development of teeth and bones |
Vitamin D
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Which vitamin...
Required for synthesis of prothrombin which functions in blood clotting? |
Vitamin K
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Water Soluble Vitamins
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Thiamine (Vit B1)
Niacin (Nicotinic acid, Vit B3) Pantothenic acid (Vit B5) Folacin (Folic acid) Ascorbic acid (Vitamin C) |
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Vitamin ____
Parts of coenzyme for carbohydrate oxidation |
Thiamine (Vit B1)
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Vitamin _______
Parts of coenzymes (NAD) |
Niacin (Nicotinic acid, Vit B3)
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Vitamin ________
Coenzyme A required for oxidation of carbohydrates and fats |
Pantothenic acid (Vit B5)
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Vitamin ________
coenzyme required for metabolsim of amino acids and for DNA synthesis |
Folacin (Folic acid)
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Vitamin _______
Required for collagen production, conversion of folacin to folinic acid |
Ascorbic Acid (Vit C)
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State of chronic malnutrition and physical wasting
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Cachexia
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Longterm intravenous nutrition
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Hyperalimentation
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Excess calcium in the blood
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Hypercalcemia
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Excess glucose in the blood
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Hyperglycemia
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Excess potassium in the blood
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Hyperkalemia
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Excess sodium in the blood
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Hypernatremia
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Low levels of glucose in the blood
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Hypoglycemia
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Low level of sodium in the blood
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Hyponatremia
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The formation of fat
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Lipogenesis
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Night blindness
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Nyctalopia
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Overeating
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Polyphagia
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Excess ________
is uncommon, causes vasodilation, cardiac dysrythmias |
Thiamine (Vit B1)
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Excess ______
Flushing, vasodilation, wheezing, liver problems |
Niacin (Nicotinic acid, Vit B3)
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Excess ________
Exacerbates gout & kidney stone formation |
Ascorbic Acid (Vit C)
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Excess ________
Causes kidney stones |
Calcium
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Excess _________
Causes hypertension, edema, body cells shrink |
Sodium
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Excess __________
Causes liver damage |
Iron
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Excess ________
Decreased uptake by the thyroid gland |
Iodine
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Excess __________
Causes slurred speech, problems walking |
Zinc
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Deficient _________
Beriberi, muscular weakness, enlarged heart |
Thiamine
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Deficient _______
Pellagra, photosensitive dermatitis, diarrhea, mental disorders |
Niacine (Nicotinic, Vit B3)
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Deficient ____________
Is rare, causes loss of appetitie, mental depression, muscle spasms |
Pantothenic Acid (Vit B5)
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Deficient ________
Megaloblastic anemia |
Folacin (Folic Acid)
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Deficient _______
Scurvy, lowered resistance to infection, wounds heal slowly |
Ascorbic Acid (Vit C)
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Deficient ____________
Stunted growth, misshapen bones, fragile bones |
Calcium
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Deficient ___________
Muscular weakness, cardiac abnormalities, edema |
Potassium
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Deficient ___________
Nausea, cramps, convulsions |
Sodium
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Deficient ____________
Causes anemia |
Iron
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Deficient ________
Decreased synthesis of thyroid hormones |
Iodine
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Deficient __________
Depressed immunity, loss of taste and smell, learning difficulties |
Zinc
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