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40 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Thiamin
(another name, deficiencies, function) |
B1, coenzyme in glucose and energy metabolism, beriberi, wernicke-korsakoff syndrome
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beriberi
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disease cause by thiamin deficiency (weakness, neurological symptoms)
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wernicke-korsakoff syndrome
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thiamin deficiency associated with alcohol abuse
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riboflavin (another name, function)
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B2, assists in absorbing other nutrients and citric acid cycle,
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ariboflavinosis
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riboflavin deficiency. inflammation of eyes, lips, mouth
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riboflavin (deficiencies, dietary source)
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ariboflavinosis, injuries heal poorly because new cells cant grow. MILK
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niacin (another name, deficiencies)
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B3, pellagra
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pellagra
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niacin deficiency. 4 D's. diarrgea, dermatitis, dementia, death
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what destroys biotin
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avidin in raw eggs
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pantothentic acid (another name, where did it get its name from)
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calcium pantothenate, greek pantothen = "everywhere"
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vitamin B6 (another name)
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pyridoxine
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folate (another name, function)
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folic acid, DNA synthesis and amino acid metabolism
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folate deficiencies
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neural tube defects- anecephaly (brain) spina bifida (spine). macrocytic anemia - cells don't divide
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what can too much folate mask
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B12 deficiency
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vitamin B12 (another name, function, source)
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cobalamin, cyanocobalamin, needed to absorb iron, from animal products
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vitamin c (another name, function)
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ascorbic acid, antioxidant, produces collagen
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vitamin c deficiency and source
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scurvy: collagen replace by abnormal collagens, citrus fruits
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vitamin A (another name, function)
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retinol, night vision, cell differentiation
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retinoids
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vitamin A pre-formed in animal products
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carotenoids
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vitamin A pre-cursors found in plants. natural pigments give fruit their color
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vitamin A deficiencies
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blindness (cells dont differentiate- produce keratin instead of mucus). xerothalmia and keratomalacia
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vitamin A toxicity
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too much carotenoids lead to hypercarotenemia -too much carotenoids in adipose tissue - skin turns orange
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Vitamin D (another name, function)
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calciferol, cholecalciferol, absorption of calcium and phospherous (acts like hormone)
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vitamin D sources and deficiencies
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sunlight!! rickets and osteomalacia
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rickets
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vitamin D deficiency. in children poor bone development
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osteomalacia
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vitamin D deficiency. in adults. loss of minerals from bones, bone/muscle pain
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vitamin E (another name, functions)
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tocopherol, antioxidant and protects cell membranes
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vitamin E deficiency
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cell membranes break down. hemolytic anemia
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vitamin K (where is name from, function)
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danish word for coagulation (blood clotting)
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2 forms of vitamin K and where each is from
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phylloquinone - plants.
menaquinones- animals. |
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fortification
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adding nutrients that werent already in the fodo
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enrichment
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adding nutrients back after they were taken out by processing
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bioavailabilty
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how well a nutrient can be absorbed
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set point
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level at which body weight resists change
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estimated energy requirements (EERs)
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amount energy needed to maintain healthy body weight
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basal metabolism (BEE)
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all the involuntary things the body does to live
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basal metabolic rate (BMR)
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rate of energy spent under resting conditions
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resting energy expenditure (REE)/ resting metabolic rate (RMR)
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when basal metabolism is measure by energy uses 5-6 hours without food/exercise
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thermic effect of food (TEF)
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energy required for digestion/absorption and metabolism. body temp rises for several hours after eating
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nonexercise activity thermogenesis (NEAT)
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energy used for all activities except sleeping, eating, and sports
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