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43 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Angina pectoris
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Acute chest pain that occurs when myocardial demand exceeds its oxygen supply
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Aortic regurgitation
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(aortic insufficiency) incompetent aortic valve that allows backward flow of blood into left ventricle during diastole
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Aortic stenosis
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Calficification of aortic valve cusps that restricts forward flow of blood during systole
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Aortic valve
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the left semilunar valve separating the left ventricle and the aorta
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Apex of the heart
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Tip of the heart pointing down toward the 5th left intercostal space
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Apical impulse
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Point of maximal impulse, PMI, Pulsation created as the left ventricle rotates against the chest wall during systole, normally at the 5th left intercostal space in the midclavicular line
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Base of the heart
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Border area of heart's outline located at the 3rd right and left intercostal
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Bell (of the stethoscope)
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Cup-shaped endpiece used for soft, low-pitched heart sounds
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Bradycardia
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Slow heart rate, <50 beats per min in the adult
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Clubbing
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Bulbous enlargement of distal phalanges of fingers and toes that occurs with chronic cyanotic heart and lung conditions
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Coarctation of aorta
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Severe narrowing of the descending aorta, a congenital heart defect
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Cor pulmonale
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Right ventricular hypertrophy and heart failure due to pulmonary hypertension
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Cyanosis
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Dusky blue mottling of the skin and mucous membranes due to excessive amt of reduced hemoglobin in the blood
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Diaphragm (of the stethoscope)
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Flat endpiece of the stethoscope used for hearing relatively high-pitched heart sounds
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Diastole
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The heart's filling phase
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Dyspnea
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Difficult, labored breathing
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Edema
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Swelling of legs or dependent body part due to increased interstitial fluid
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Erb's point
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Traditional ausculatatory area in the 3rd left intercostal space
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First heart sound (S1)
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Occurs with the close of the atrioventricular (AV) valves signaling the beginning of systole
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Fourth heart sound (S4)
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(S4 gallop; atrial gallop) very soft, low-pitched ventricular filling sound that occurs in the diastole
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Gallop rhythm
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The addition of a 3rd or 4th heart sound makes the rhythm sound like the cadence of a galloping horse
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Inching
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Technique of moving the stethoscope incrementally across the perocordium through the aduscultatory areas while listening to the heart sounds
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LVH
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Increase in thickness of myocardial wall that occurs when the heart pumps against chronic outflow obstruction, e.g. aortic stenosis
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MCL
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Imaginary vertical line bisecting the middle of the clavicle in each hemithorax
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Mitral regurgitation
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Mitral insufficiency; incompetent mitral valve allows regurgitation of blood back into left atrium during systole
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Mitral stenosis
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Calcified mitral valve impedes forward flow of blood into left ventricle during diastole
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Mitral valve
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left AV valve separating the left atria and ventricle
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Palpitation
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Uncomfortable awareness of rapid or irregular heart rate
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Paradoxical splitting
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Opposite of a normal split S2 so that the split is heard in expiration, and in inspiration the sounds fuse to one sound
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Pericardial friction rub
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High-pitched scratchy extracardiac sound heard when the percordium is inflamed
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Physiologic splitting
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Normal variation in S2 heard as two separate components during inspiration
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Precordium
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Area of the chest wall overlying the heart and great vessels
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Pulmonic regurgitation
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(pulmonic insufficiency) Backflow of blood through incompetent pulmonic valve into the right ventricle
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Pulmonic stenosis
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Calcification of pulmonic valve that restricts forward flow of blood during systole
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Pulmonic valve
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Right semilunar valve separating the right ventricle and pulmonary artery
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Second heart sound (S2)
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Occurs with closure of the semilunar valves, aortic and pulmonic, and signals the end of systole
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Summation gallop
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Abnormal mid-diastolic heart sound heard when both the pathologic S3 and S4 are present
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Syncope
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Temporary loss of consciousness due to decreased cerebral blood flow (fainting), caused by ventricular asystole, pronounced bradycardia, or ventricular fibrillation
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Systole
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The heart's pumping phase
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Tachycardia
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Rapid heart rate, >100 beats per min in the adult
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Third heart sound (S3)
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Soft, low-pitched, ventricular filling sound that occurs in early diastole (S3 gallop) and may be an early sign of heart failure
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Thrill
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Palpable vibration on the chest wall accompanying severe heart murmur
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Tricuspid valve
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Right AV valve separating the right atria and ventricle
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