Nursing_Physical Assessment_Jarvis 5Th Ed_Chap 14_Eyes

Front 1

ptosis

Back 1

Occurs from neuromuscular weakness, oculomotor cranial nerve III damage, sympathetic nerve damage. Droopy eye. Gives a person a sleepy appearance, impairs vision.

Front 2

esotropia

Back 2

inward turn of the eye

Front 3

exotropia

Back 3

outward turn of the eye

Front 4

periorbital edema

Back 4

Lids swollen and puffy. Lid tissues are loosely connected, excess fluid apparent. Occurs with local infections, crying, systemic conditions such as CHF, renal failure, allergy, hypothyroidsm.

Front 5

Ectropion

Back 5

An outward turing or sagging of the eyelid.

Front 6

Entropion

Back 6

An eyelid that turns inward. Usually affects lower eyelid. Results from muscle spasm, scarring from trauma or inflammation from certain diseases.

Front 7

Blepharitis

Back 7

Inflammation of the eyelids. Occurs w/ staph infection or seborrheic dermatitis of lid edge. Burning, itching, tearing, pain.

Front 8

Chalazion

Back 8

Infection or retention cyst of a meibomian gland. Nontender, firm, discrete swelling w/ freely moveable skin overlying the nodule.

Front 9

Hordelum

Back 9

Stye. Localized staph infection of the hair follicles at the lid margin. Painful, red, swollen, pustule at the lid margin. Rubbing causes cross contamination.

Front 10

Aniscoria

Back 10

Unequal pupil size. Nervous system disease suspected.

Front 11

Miosis

Back 11

Constricted and fixed pupils. Occurs with use of pilocarpine drops for glaucoma tx, use of narcotics, iritis, brain damage to pons.

Front 12

Mydriasis

Back 12

Dialated and fixed pupils. Occurs with stimulation of SNS, reaction to sympathomimetic drugs, use of dialating drops, acute glaucoma, past/recent trauma. CNS injury, circulatory arrest, deep anesthesia.

Front 13

Argyll Robertson Pupil

Back 13

No reaction to light, pupil does constrict with accommodation. Small and irregular bilaterally. Occurs with CNS syphilis, brain tumor, meningitis, chronic alcoholism.

Front 14

Tonic Pupil

Back 14

Sluggish reaction to light and accommodation. Tonic pupil is usually unilateral, a large regular pupil that does not react, but sluggishly after long latent time. No pathological significance.

Front 15

Horner's Syndrome

Back 15

Unilateral, small, regular pupil does react to light and accommodation. Occurs with Horner's syndrome, a lesion of the sympathetic nerve.

Front 16

Arcus Senilis

Back 16

Gray-white arc or circle around the limbus due to deposition of lipid material. No effect on vision. Do not confuse with opacity.

Front 17

PERRLA

Back 17

pupils equal round react to light and accommodation

Front 18

Strabismus

Back 18

Cross eye; seen in children; should be corrected.

Front 19

Pingueculae

Back 19

Yellowish elevated nodules on the sclara due to a thickening of the bulbar conjunctiva from prolonged exposure to sun, wind, dust.
Could become pterygium.

Front 20

Pterygium

Back 20

A triangular opaque wing of bulbar conjunctiva overgrowths toward center of the cornea. Looks membranous, translucent, and yellow to white. It may obstruct vision as it covers pupil.

Front 21

Xanthelasma

Back 21

Soft, raised yellow plaques on the lids at the inner canthus. Occurs with high and normal levels of cholesterol; no pathologic significance

Front 22

Drusen

Back 22

Benign degenerative hyaline deposits seen on ocular fundus. Small, round, yellow dots scattered on the retina. No effect on vision.

Front 23

Cataract

Back 23

Lens opacity. Results from clumping of proteins in the lens.

Front 24

Presbyopia

Back 24

Precursor of senile cataract. The lens loses elasticity; decreasing ability of the lens to change shape results in diminished near vision.

Front 25

Glaucoma

Back 25

Increased intraocular pressure. Open-angle glaucoma involves loss of vision.

Front 26

Macular degeneration

Back 26

Breakdown of cells in the macula of the retina; results in loss of central vision.

Front 27

Subconjunctival hemorrhage

Back 27

A red patch on the sclera. Not serious. Occurs from increased intraocular pressure from coughing, sneezing, weightlifting, labor during birth, straining at stool, or trauma.

Front 28

Iritis

Back 28

Deep dull red halo around the iris and cornea. Pupil shape may be irregular form swelling of iris. Warrants immediate referral.

Front 29

Central Gray Opacity

Back 29

Nuclear cataract. Shows an opaque gray surrounded by black background as it forms in the center of lens nucleus. Obstructs vision.

Front 30

Star-shaped Opacity

Back 30

Cortical cataract. Shows asymmetrical, radial, white spokes with black center.