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28 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Prokaryotic Cell
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Lacking membrane-bound interal cellular bodies (organelles)
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Plasma membrane
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the outer boundary of a cell
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Cytoplasm
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a semi liquid substance that composes the foundation of a cell
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Prokaryotic cell
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cells lacking membrane bound internal cellular bodies (organelles), lack nucleus ex: unicellular organisms such as bacteria
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Eukaryotic cell
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compartmentalized into membrane bound organelles-internal cellular bodies that carry out special functions
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Gene
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the functional segments of chromosomes that determine the characteristics of an organism
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Organism
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living thing that is a composition of cells
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Unicellular
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composed of only one cell
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Multi Cellular
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composed of more than one cell
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homeostasis
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the internal stability
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Asexual reproduction
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one parent is necessary to produce offspring
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Sexual reproduction
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two parents are necessary to produce offspring
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Evolution/natural selection
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Theory that states that those organisms with the most favorable traits are most successful in reproduction.
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Passive Transport
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The simplest form of passive transport is diffusion. Diffusion is the transfer of water molecules from an area of high concentration to an area of lower concentration
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Osmosis
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Water molecules moving down the concentration gradient
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Hypotonic
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Concentration outside is lower than inside
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Hypertonic
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Concentration outside is higher than inside
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Isotonic
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Water moves in and out of cell because equilibrium has already been established
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Facilitated diffusion
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occurs when molecules cannot diffuse across a cell membrane even though there is a concentration gradient. The diffusion is facilitated by special proteins called carrier proteins
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Carrier proteins (Passive Transport)
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proteins that bind to a molecule on one side of the cell membrane. The protein changes shape and in an effort to protect the molecule as it moves through the membrane.
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Active Transport
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occurs when a cell moves up a concentration gradient
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Carrier Proteins (Active Transport)
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The tend to be called "pumps" because the proteins have to push the molecules from an area of lower concentration to higher concentration
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Endocytosis
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occurs when external substances are enclosed within the cell membrane and the pouch closes off and moves into the cell as a membrane-bound organelle.
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Exocytosis
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The membrane bound organelle fuses to the cell membrane and its contents are released external to the cell
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Genetics
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the study of how traits are transported from parent to offspring, or heredity
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Pure Traits
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When offspring always has the same trait
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Punnett Square
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the punnett square is used to predict the characteristics of offsrping
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Homozygous
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When both parents give offspring the same allele
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