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71 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Empirical Data |
Documented evidence (data) gathered through direct observation rather than a researcher's subjective belief |
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Nursing Research |
A systematic process of investigating problems to gain knowledge about improving care that nurses provide |
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Nursing Science |
The body of knowledge that is unique to the discipline of nursing |
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Objectivity |
Ability to distance the research process as much as possible from the scientist's personal beliefs, values, and attitudes |
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Qualitative Research |
An approach for generating knowledge using methods of inquiry that emphasize subjectivity and the meaning of an experience for the individual |
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Quantitative Research |
An approach for generating knowledge based on determining how much of a given behavior, characteristic, or phenomenon is present |
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Replication |
The ability of researchers to repeat a study using the same variables and method or slight variations of them |
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Research Consumer |
Readers of nursing research whose objective is to apply findings to nursing practice or to use the findings to conduct further research |
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Research Team |
A group that collaborates to conduct a research project, from determining the initial research question through communicating the results |
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Research Rigor |
Striving for excellence in research, which involves discipline, scrupulous adherence to detail, and strict accuracy |
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Scientific Inquiry |
The process of analyzing data critically that have been gathered systematically about a particular phenomenon |
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Scientific Method |
A systematic research process that involves the following steps: selecting & defining the problem, formulating research questions or hypotheses or both, collecting data, analyzing data, and reporting results
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Triangulation |
Use of quantitative & qualitative methods to collect data about a particular phenomenon |
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Ways of Knowing |
An assortment of methods used to acquire new knowledge, including tradition, authority, trial & error, and intuition |
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Anonymity |
A condition in which the identity of subjects remains unknown, even to the researcher; to protect subjects participating in a study and to promote objective results |
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Applied Research |
A type of study designed to gather knowledge that has direct clinical application |
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Basic Research |
A type of study designed to develop the knowledge base and extend theory without direct focus on clinical application |
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Confidentiality |
Protecting data that are gathered or learned from patients by not disclosing information without their permission |
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Correlational Research |
A type of non experimental study designed to examine the relationship between and among variables |
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Cross-Sectional Research |
A study that collects data at a particular point in time and does not require follow-up |
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Descriptive Research |
A type of non experimental study designed to provide a knowledge base when little is known about a phenomenon; used to describe variables rather than to test a predicted relationship |
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Experimental Research |
A study in which the researcher manipulates and controls one or more variables and observes the effect on one or more other variables |
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Human Rights |
The protection of subjects participating in a research study; includes the right to freedom from injury, the right to privacy and dignity, and the right to anonymity and confidentiality |
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Longitudinal Research |
A study that follows a cohort of subjects and collects data over time |
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Nonexperimental Research |
A descriptive study that does not exhibit a great amount of control over variables |
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Prospective Research |
A study that examines data collected in the present |
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Retrospective Research |
A study that examines data collected in the past |
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Risk-Benefit Ratio |
The relationship between potential harm to subjects and potential positive outcomes gained by participating in a research study; an evaluation used by subjects to make voluntary informed consent |
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Vulnerable Research Participant |
Those persons who are relatively or absolutely incapable of protecting their own interests and unable to provide meaningful informed consent |
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ACP Journal Club |
The ACP (American College of Physicians) Journal Club summarizes & interprets the best evidence of one recent study or review article from traditional journals, based on the criteria provided by the practitioner |
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Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ) |
The AHRQ has promoted EBP through the establishment of 12 Evidence-Based Practice Centers (EPCs) |
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Background Questions |
Questions focusing on basic or general knowledge about a condition and/or disorder |
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Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews |
One of the most popular databases is The Cochrane Library, which reviews & summarizes individual clinical trials and systematic reviews from more than 100 medical journals |
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Evidence-Based Medicine (EBM) |
The conscientious, explicit, and judicious use of current best evidence in making decisions about the care of individual clients. The practice of EBM means integrating individual clinical expertise with the best available external clinical evidence from systematic research |
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Evidence-Based Nursing (EBN) |
The conscientious, explicit, and judicious use of theory-derived, research-based information in making decisions about care delivery to individuals or groups of clients and in consideration of individual needs & preferences |
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Foreground Questions |
Questions focusing on specific knowledge to inform clinical decisions or actions |
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InfoPOEMS |
Info-POEMS (Patient-Oriented Evidence that Matters) is a database similar to the ACP Journal Club; it reviews and provides commentary on recent articles |
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Knowledge-Focused Triggers |
Ideas that emerge from staff when they read, listen to research presentations, or encounter EBP guidelines by federal agencies or specialty organizations |
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MD Consult |
A database that provides full-text access to textbooks, journal articles, practice guidelines, patient education handouts, and drug-awareness |
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Meta-Analysis |
A statistical method that takes the results of many studies in a specific area and synthesizes their findings to draw conclusions regarding the state of the science in the area of focus |
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National Guideline Clearinghouse |
This clearinghouse provides a collection of evidence-based clinical practice guidelines |
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PICO Model |
Four components: P-Patient/Population/Problem, I-Intervention, C-Comparison, O-Outcome; that provide structure when writing clinical questions |
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Problem-Focused Triggers |
Ideas that emerge from staff in the context of clinical practice by examining quality improvement data, risk surveillance data, benchmarking data, or a recurrence of a clinical problem |
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Research Utilization |
The process by which knowledge generated from research becomes incorporated into clinical practice |
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Electronic Databases |
Bibliographic files that can be accessed by the computer through an online search (i.e., directly communicating with a host computer over telephone lines or the Internet) or by CD-ROM |
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Empirical Literature |
Data-based literature that presents reports of completed research; also called scientific literature |
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Literature Review |
A critical summary of the most important scholarly literature on a particular topic. Scholarly literature can refer to research-based publications and conceptual or theoretical literature |
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Operational Definitions |
Explanations of concepts or variables in term of how they are defined for a particular study |
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Primary Source |
Source reported by the person(s) who conducted the research or developed the theory; refers to original data or firsthand facts |
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Problem Statement |
A statement of the topic under study, outlining all relevant variables within the study, providing justification for the choice of topic, and guiding the selection of the research design |
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Purpose Statement |
A statement that describes why the study has been created |
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Refereed Journals |
A journal that determines acceptance of manuscripts based on the recommendations of peer reviewers |
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Replication |
The duplication of research procedures in a second study to determine whether earlier results can be repeated |
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Scientific Literature |
A data-based literature presenting reports of completed research |
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Secondary Source |
Source reported by person(s) other than the individual(s) who conducted the research or developed the theory; usually represents a comment, summary, or critique of another's work |
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Theoretical Literature |
Conceptual articles presenting reports of theories, some of which underlie research studies, and other non-research related materials |
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Complex Hypothesis |
A statement explaining and/or predicting relationships between two or more independent variables |
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Deductive Reasoning |
A process that begins with a general picture and moves to a specific direction or prediction |
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Dependent Variables |
A variable that is observed for changes or to assess the possible effect of a treatment or manipulation; my be the effect or outcome of an experimental procedure; also referred to as criterion variable. Usually symbolized by the letter Y |
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Directional Hypothesis |
A hypothesis that makes a specific prediction about the direction of the relationship between two variables |
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Extraneous Variable |
A variable that is not controlled for in a study, which threatens the internal validity of the study |
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Hypothesis |
A statement about the relationship between the variables that are being investigated |
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Hypothesis-Generating Study |
A study that generates hypotheses by pulling together pieces of data from several descriptive/exploratory studies |
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Independent Variable |
A variable that is manipulated and controlled by the researcher; also called a predictor variable. Usually symbolized by the letter X |
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Inductive Reasoning |
A process that begins with details or specific observations and moves to a more general picture |
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Nondirectional Hypothesis |
A hypothesis that does not stipulate in advance the direction and nature of the relationship between two variables |
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Null Hypothesis (Ho) |
A hypothesis stating the no relationship or difference exists between two variables. Also called statistical hypothesis |
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Research Hypothesis (HI or Ha) |
A hypothesis stating a relationship or difference between two variables; also called an alternative, declarative, or scientific hypothesis |
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Research Question |
A concise, interrogative statement written in the present tense that includes one or two variables |
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Simple Hypothesis |
A statement explaining and/or predicting a relationship between one independent variable and one dependent variable |
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Variable |
A measurable characteristic that varies among the subjects being studied |
