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26 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Code of ethics
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The fundamental ethical principles established by a discipline or institution to guide researchers; conduct in research with human (or animal) subjects
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Belmont Report
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issued by National Research Act, provides a model for many disciplinary guidelines; also served as the basis for regulations affecting research sponsored by the US gov't
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Ethical Dilemma
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situations in which participants rights and study demands are in direct conflict
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Beneficence
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A fundamental ethical principle that seeks to maximize benefits for study participants and prevent harm
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Self Determination
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that prospective participants can voluntarily decide whether to take part in a study without risk of prejudicial treatment
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Coercion (Stiepen)
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In a research context, the explicit or implicit use of threats (or excessive rewards) to gain people's cooperation in a study
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Covert Data Collection
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The collection of information in a study without participants; knowledge
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Deception
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The deliberate withholding of information, or the provision of false information, to study participants, usually to reduce potential biases.
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Risk-benefit assessment
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is designed to examine whether the benefits of participating in a study are in line with the costs, be they financial, phyical, eomotional, or social--that is wheter the risk/benefit ratio is acceptable.
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Minimal Risk
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Anticipated risks that are no greater than those ordinarily encountered in daily life or during the performance of routine tests or procedures.
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Informed Consent
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An ethical principle that requires researchers to obtain the voluntary participation of subjects, after informing them of possible risks and benefits
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Consent Form
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A written agreement signed by a study participant and a researcher concerning the terms and conditions of voluntary participation in a study.
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Process consent
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In a qualitative study, an ongoing, transactional process of negotiating consent with study participants, allowing them to play a collaborative role in the decision making regarding their continued participation
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Debriefing
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Communication with study participants after participation is complete regarding aspects of the study
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implied consent
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Consent to participate in a study that a researcher assumes has been given based on participants' actions, such as returning a completed questionnaire
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short form
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presenting the full information orally and then summarizing essential information
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Anonymity
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Protection of participants' confidentiality such that even the researcher cannot link individuals with information provided
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Confidentiality
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Protection of study participants so that identifying information is never publicly divulged.
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Vulnerable Population
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Special groups of people whose rights in studies need special protection because of their inability to provide meaningful informed consent or because their circumstances place them at high-than-average risk for adcerse effects
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Certificate of Confidentiality
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A certificate issued by the National Institutes of Health in the United States, to protect researchers against forved disclosure of confidential research information
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Institutional Review Board
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A term used primarily in the United States to refer to the institutional group that convenes to review proposed and ongoing studies with respect to ethical consideration
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Research Ethics Board
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in Canada (IRB)
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Expedited review
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a single IRB member carries out the review
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Privacy Boards
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to review researchers compliance with provisions in HIPPA, including review of authorization form s and requests for waivers
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Data and Safety Monitoring Board
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The purpose is to oversee the safety of participants, to promote data integrity, and to review accumlated outcome data on a regular basis to determine whether study protocols should be altered or the study stopped all together.
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Research Misconduct
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research fraud and misrepresentation
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