Nursing Psy - Chap 3 Models Of Personality Development

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Freud's stages of Psychosexual Development
Age: Birth - 18 months

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Oral Stage:
Relief from anxiety through oral gratification of needs.

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Freud's stages of Psychosexual Development
Age: 18 months - 3 years

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Anal Stage:
Learning independence and control, with focus on the excretory function

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Freud's stages of Psychosexual Development
Age: 3-6 years

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Phallic Stage:
Identification with parent of same gender; development of sexual identity; focus

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Freud's stages of Psychosexual Development
Age: 6-12 years

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Latency Stage:
Sexuality repressed; focus on relationships with same-gender peers

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Freud's stages of Psychosexual Development
Age: 13-20 years

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Genital Stage:
Libido reawakened as genital organs mature; focus on relationships with members of the opposite gender.

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Sullivan's Stages of Development (Interpersonal theory)
Age - Birth - 18 months

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Infancy Stage:
Relief from anxiety through oral gratification of needs

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Sullivan's Stages of Development (Interpersonal theory)
Age: 18 months - 6 years

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Childhood Stage:
Learning to experience a delay in personal gratification without undue anxiety

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Sullivan's Stages of Development (Interpersonal theory)
Age: 6-9 years

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Juvenile Stage:
Learning to form satisfactory peer relationships

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Sullivan's Stages of Development (Interpersonal theory)
Age: 9-12 years

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Preadolescence Stage:
Learning to form satisfactory relationships with persons of the same gender; initiating feelings of affection for another person

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Sullivan's Stages of Development (Interpersonal theory)
Age: 12-14 years

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Early adolescence Stage:
Learning to form satisfactory relationships with persons of the opposite gender; developing a sense of identity

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Sullivan's Stages of Development (Interpersonal theory)
Age: 14-21 years

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Late adolescence Stage:
Establishing self-identity; experiencing satisfying relationships; working to develop a lasting, intimate opposite-gender relationship

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ERIKSON'S - Stages of development in Psychosocial Theory
Trust vs Mistrust

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Age: Infancy (Birth-18months)
To develop a basic trust in the motering figure and learn to generalize it to others.

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ERIKSON'S - Stages of development in Psychosocial Theory
Autonomy vs shame and doubt

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Age: Early childhood (18months-3years)
To gain some self-control and independence within the environment

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ERIKSON'S - Stages of development in Psychosocial Theory
Initiative vs guilt

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Age: Late childhood (3-6years)
To develop a sense of purpose and the ability to initiate and direct own activities

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ERIKSON'S - Stages of development in Psychosocial Theory
Industry vs inferiority

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Age: School age (6-12years)
To achieve a sense of self-confidence by learning, competing, performing successfully and receiving recognition from significant others, peers, and acquaintances

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ERIKSON'S - Stages of development in Psychosocial Theory
Identity vs role confusion

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Age: Adolescence (12-20 years)
To integrate the tasks mastered in the previous stages into a secure sense of self

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ERIKSON'S - Stages of development in Psychosocial Theory - Intimacy vs isolation

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Age: Young adulthood (20-30 years)
To form an intense, lasting relationship or a commitment to another person, cause, institution, or creative effort.

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ERIKSON'S - Stages of development in Psychosocial Theory
Generativity vs stagnation

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Age: Adulthood (30-65 years)
To achieve the life goals established for oneself, while also considering the welfare of future generations.

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ERIKSON'S - Stages of development in Psychosocial Theory
Ego integrity vs despair

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Age: Old age (65 years-death)
To review one's life and derive meaning from both positive and negative events, while achieving a positive sense of self-worth.

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MAHLER'S Stages of Development in Theory of Object Relations
Age: Birth-1 month

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I. Normal Autism
Fulfillment of basic needs for survival and comfort

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MAHLER'S Stages of Development in Theory of Object Relations
Age: 1-5 months

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II. Symbiosis
Development of awareness of external source of need fulfillment
III. Separation-Individuation

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MAHLER'S Stages of Development in Theory of Object Relations
Age: 5-10 months

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a. Differentiation
Commencement of a primary recognition of separateness from the mothering figure

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MAHLER'S Stages of Development in Theory of Object Relations
Age: 10-16 months

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b. Practicing
Increased independence through locomotor functioning; increased sense of separateness of self

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MAHLER'S Stages of Development in Theory of Object Relations
Age: 16-24 months

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c. Rapproachement
Acute awareness of separateness of self; learning to seek "emotional refueling' from mothering figure to maintain feeling of security

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MAHLER'S Stages of Development in Theory of Object Relations
Age: 24-36 months

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d. Consolidation
Sense of separateness established; on the way to object constancy; resolution of separation anxiety

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PIAGET'S Stages of Cognitive Development
Age: Birth-2 years

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Sensorimotor Stage
With increased mobility and awareness, development of a sense of self as separte from the external environment; the concept of object permanence emerges as the ability to form mental images evolves

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PIAGET'S Stages of Cognitive Development
Age: 2-6 years

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Preoperational Stage
Learning to express self with language; development of understanding of symbolic gestures; achievement of object permanence

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PIAGET'S Stages of Cognitive Development
Age: 6-12 years

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Concrete operations Stage
Learning to apply logic to thinking; development of understanding of reversibility and spatiality; learning to differentiate and classify; increased socialization and application of rules

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PIAGET'S Stages of Cognitive Development
Age: 12-15+ years

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Learning to think and reason in abstract terms; making and testing hypotheses; capability of logical thinking and reasoning expand and are refined; cognitive maturity achieved.

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KOHLBERG'S Stages of Moral Development
Age: 4-10 years

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1. Punishment and obedience orientation - Behavior motivated by fear of punishment
2. Instrumental relativist orientation - Behavior motivated by egocentrism and concern for self

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KOHLBERG'S Stages of Moral Development
Age: Common from ages 10-13 years and into adulthood

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3. Interpersonal concordance orientation - Behavior motivated by expectations of others; strong desire for approval and acceptance
4. Law and order orientation - Behavior motivated by respect for authority

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KOHLBERG'S Stages of Moral Development
Age: can occur from adolescence on

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5. Social contract legalistic orientation - Behavior motivated by respect for universal laws and moral principles; guided by internal set of values
6. Universal ethical principle orientation - Behavior motivated by internalized principles of honor, justice, and respect for human dignity; guided by the conscience.

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PEPLAU'S Stages of Development in Interpersonal Theory
Age: Infancy

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Stage: Learning to count on others
Learning to communicate in various ways with the primary caregiver in order to have comfort needs fulfilled

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PEPLAU'S Stages of Development in Interpersonal Theory
Age: Toddlerhood

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Stage: Learning to delay satisfaction
Learning the satisfaction of pleasing others by delaying self-gratification in small ways

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PEPLAU'S Stages of Development in Interpersonal Theory
Age: Early childhood

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Stage: Identifying oneself
Learning appropriate roles and behaviors by acquiring the ability to perceive the expectations of others

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PEPLAU'S Stages of Development in Interpersonal Theory
Age: Late childhood

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Stage: Developing skills in participation
Learning the skills of compromise, competition, and cooperation with others; establishment of a more realistic view of the world and a feeling of one's place in it.