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28 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is the definition of Anti-biotics
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Antibiotics are chemicals used to kill or suppress growth of micro organisms causing infection
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Explain Broad spectrum Anti-biotics
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The drug has a range of activity against gram positive and gram negative bacteria
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explain Narrow spectrum Anti-biotics
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The drug is active against a select group of bacteria
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What are two potential issues for broad spectrum anti-biotics
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They have an issue with bacterial resistance and they are more damaging to normal flora
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Name the two types of antibiotic therapy
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prophylactic and empiric
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Treatment of an infection before specific culture information has been reported or obtained is the definition for what type of antibiotic therapy?
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Empiric
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Treatment with antibiotics to prevent an infection as in orthopaedics etc is the definition for what type of antibiotic therapy?
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Prophylactic
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What is the definition of a superinfection (secondary/opportunistic infection)
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Infection occurring during antibiotic therapy. The antibiotic destroys normal flora which leads to overgrowth of microorganisms resistant to antibiotics
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Who is at risk of superinfections?
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Elderly, on multiple antibiotics, broad spectrum, large doses for long time
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There are three ways that antibiotics kill bacteria?
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Bacteriostatic, bactericidal or both
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What is the definition of bactericidal?
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kills bacteria directly
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What is the definition of bacteriostatic?
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Inhibits growth of susceptible bacteria allowing the hosts defenses to eventually cause bacterial death
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What is the name of the antibiotic that works in a similar way to penicillin?
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Ceflosporin
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What is penicillins mechanism of action?
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Interferes with bacterial cell wall synthesis by disrupting the ridged cross links structure causing lysis and cell death
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Is penicillin bacteriostatic or bactericidal?
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Bacteriocidal
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Penicillins are the treatment choice for what type of infection?
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Gram +
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what has been combated to prevent bacterial resistance to penicillin? and what is the name?
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Betalactam inhibitors were developed eg clavulanic acid
Amoxicillin + Clavulanic acid = ammoxicillin clavulate = Augmentin/Synermox |
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List some ADRs to penicillin?
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Nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, candidia, allergic reaction
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The effectiveness of oral penicillins is decreased when taken with?
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caffeine, citrus fruit, cola beverages, fruit juice
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What are some patient education information about penicillins drug interactions?
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may decrease the effectiveness of oral contracetives, incompatable with aminoglycosides, anticoagulants
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What is the definition of antibiotic resistance?
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bacteria develop highly sophisticated ways to overcome the effects of antibiotic therapy over time
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What are some symptoms of a superinfection?
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Fever, unusual discharge, perineal itching, sore mouth, cough, lethargy, diarrhea
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What is a virus?
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a virus particle is composed of a piece of DNA or RNA inside a protein coat, it cannot replicate on its own and must attach and enter a host cell. It then uses the host cell to synthesize protein DNA or RNA
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What are antiviral drugs used for?
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to treat people who have been infected by a virus and to prevent ot limit infection when given before or shortly after exposure before illness occurs
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What is the definition of antivirals?
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viruses controlled by current antiviral therapy
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What are some nursing education for someone taking antivirals?
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remind patients antivirals don’t substitute annual flu vaccine, take as prescribed, instruct patients re preventative self care
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What is the mechanism of DNA polymerase inhibitors?
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inhibit viral DNA synthesis. Used fro herpes simplex virus
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What is the mechanism of action for retroviral drugs?
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suppress the replication of the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)
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