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70 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
warfarin sodium
|
Coumadin
-anticoagulant -oral -antagonist of Vitamin K by inhibiting clotting factors -monitored by PT and INR |
|
Normal Prothrombin Time
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9.6 - 11.8
|
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Normal International Normalized Ratio
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1.3 - 2.0
|
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Vitamin K
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Antedote for Warfarin (Coumadin)
|
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heparin sodium
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-anticoagulant
-prevents thrombin from converting fibrinogen to fibrin -monitored by aPTT |
|
normal activated partial thromboplastn time
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20 - 36 seconds
|
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Enoxaparin
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-Lovenox
-low molecular weight heparin -subQ -longer half-life than heparin |
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Protamine sulfate
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antidote to heparin
|
|
Streptokinase
|
-Streptase
-thrombolytic "clot buster" -activate plaminogen whichgenerates plasmin that dissolves clots |
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Aspirin
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-acetylsalicylic acid
-ASA -antiplaelet -may be used with anticoagulants |
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Clopidogrel
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-Plavix
-antiplatelet med -prophylaxis following MI, stroke |
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Dopamine
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-positive inotropic/cardiotonic medication
-increases myocardial contractility -dilates renal blood vessels and increases renal blood flow and urine output |
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Dobutamine
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-used for short-term management of heart failure
increases myocardial contractility, thereby improving cardiac performance |
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Inamrinone lactate
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-used for short-term management of congestive heart failure in those who have not responded adequately to cardiac glycosides, diuretics, ad vasodilators
|
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milrinone
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-Primacor)
-used for short-term management of congestive heart failure -may be given before heart transplantation |
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Digoxin
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-lanoxicaps, lanoxin, digitek
-cardiac glycoside -inhibit the Na-K pump increasing intracellular Ca causing heart muscle fibers to contract more efficiently -used for heart failure, cardiogenic shock, a-tach, a-fib, a-flutter |
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Therapeutic Digoxin Range
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0.5 to 2 ng/ml
levels above 2 are toxic hypokalemia can cause dig-tox |
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Thiazide Diuretics
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-increase sodium and water excretion by inihbiting sodium reabsorption in the distal tubule of the kidney
-used for HTN and peripheral edema -contraindicated in renal failure |
|
Loop Diuretics
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-inhibit Na and Cl reabsorption from the loop of Henle and distal tubule
-"Potassium Wasting" -cause rapid diuretics -caution with if taking dig or lithium (toxicity) |
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furosemide
|
-Lasix
-loop diuretics |
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Bumetanide
|
-Bumex
-loop diuretic |
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Ethancrynic acid
|
-Edecrin
-loop diuretic |
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Torsemide
|
-Demadex
-loop diuretic |
|
Acetazolamide
|
-Diamox
-carbonic anhydrase inhibitor -block the action of carbonic anhydrase needed tomaintain acid-base balance -causes increased Na, K, and bicarb excretion -metabolic acidosis occurs with prolonged use -used for metabolic alkalosis |
|
Amiloride
|
-Midamore
-potassium-sparing diuretics |
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Amiloride hydrochloride
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-Moduretic
-potassium-sparing diuretic |
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Spironolactone
|
-Adactone
-potassium-sparing diuretic |
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Triamterene
|
-Dyrenium
-potassium-sparing diuretic |
|
Mannitol
|
-Osmitrol
-osmotic diuretic |
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Urea
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-Ureaphil
-osmotic diuretic |
|
potassium-sparing diuretics
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-act on the distal tubule to promote Na and water excretion and K retention
-used for edema and HTN, fluid overload from CHF, ascites from cirrhosis or kidney failure |
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peripherally acting a-adregernic blockers
|
decrease sympathetic vasoconstrictioin by reducing the effects of norepinephrine at peripheral nerve endings, resulting in vasodilatioin and decreased BP
-used to maintain renal blood flow |
|
Afluzosin
|
-Uroxatral
-peripherally acting alpha adrenergic blocker |
|
Doxazosin
|
-Cardura
-peripherally acting alpha adrenergic blocker |
|
Phenoxygenzamine
|
-Dibenzyline
-peripherally acting alpha adrenergic blocker |
|
Tamsulosin
|
Flowmax
-peripherally acting alpha adrenergic blocker |
|
Terazosin
|
Hytrin
-peripherally acting alpha adrenergic blocker |
|
Centrally acting sympatholytics
|
-stimulate alpha receptors in teh CNS to inhibit vasoconstriction, reducing peripheral resistance
-treat HTN -contraindicated in liver disease |
|
Clonidine
|
Catapres
-centrally acting sympatholytic |
|
Methyldopa
|
Aldomet
-centrally acting sympatholytic |
|
Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor
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prevent peripheral vasoconsriction by bocking conversion of angiotensin I to angiotensin II
|
|
Angiotensin II Receptor blockers
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prevent peripheral vasoconstrictioni and secretion of aldosterone and block the binding of angiotensin II to type 1 angiotensin II receptors
|
|
Benazepril
|
Lotensin
-ACE inhibitor |
|
Captopril
|
Capoten
-ACE inhibitor |
|
Enalapril
|
Vasotec
-ACE inhibitor |
|
Fosinopril
|
Monopril
ACE inhibitor |
|
Lisinopril
|
Prinivil, Zestril
ACE inhibitor |
|
Moexipril
|
Univasc
ACE inhibitor |
|
Perindopril
|
Aceon
ACE inhibitor |
|
Quinapril
|
Accupril
ACE inhibitor |
|
Ramipril
|
Altace
ACE inhibitor |
|
Trandolapril
|
Mavik
ACE inhibitor |
|
Candesartan
|
Atacand
ARB |
|
Eprosartan
|
Teveten
ARB |
|
Irbesartan
|
Avapro
ARB |
|
Losartan
|
Cozaar
ARB |
|
Olmesartan
|
Benicar
ARB |
|
Telmisartan
|
Micardis
ARB |
|
Valsartan
|
Diovan
ARB |
|
Nitrates
|
-produce vasodilation
-decrease preload and afterload and reduce myocardial consumption -contraindicated in hypotension, intracranial pressure, anemia -avoid abrupt withdrawl |
|
Isosorbide dinitrate
|
Isordil Titradose
-antianginal med -nitrate |
|
Isosoribide mononitrate
|
Imdur, Monoket
-antianginal med -nitrate |
|
nitroglycerin, sublingual
|
Nitrostat, NitroQuick, Nitrotab
|
|
Nitroglycerin, translingual
|
Nitrolingual Pumpspray
|
|
Nitroglycerin, transdermal patches
|
Minitran, Nitro-Dur, Nitrek, Transderm-Nitro
|
|
Nitroglycerin ointment
|
Nitro-Bid
-spread over 6X6 inch area, avoiding hairy areas, cover with plastic wrap -wear gloves when applying patches and ointments |
|
beta-adrenergic blockers
|
inhibit beta adrenergic stimulation decreasing CO
-block the release of catecholamines, epinephrine, and norepinephrine decreasing HR and BP-used for angina, dysrhythmias, HTN, migranes, MI prevention, glaucoma |
|
carteolol
|
Cartrol Filmtabs
-beta adrenergic blockers |
|
Carvedilol
|
Coreg Tiltab
-beta adrenergic blockers |
|
Labetalol
|
Trandate
beta adrenergic blocker |