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70 Cards in this Set

  • Front
  • Back
warfarin sodium
Coumadin
-anticoagulant
-oral
-antagonist of Vitamin K by inhibiting clotting factors
-monitored by PT and INR
Normal Prothrombin Time
9.6 - 11.8
Normal International Normalized Ratio
1.3 - 2.0
Vitamin K
Antedote for Warfarin (Coumadin)
heparin sodium
-anticoagulant
-prevents thrombin from converting fibrinogen to fibrin
-monitored by aPTT
normal activated partial thromboplastn time
20 - 36 seconds
Enoxaparin
-Lovenox
-low molecular weight heparin
-subQ
-longer half-life than heparin
Protamine sulfate
antidote to heparin
Streptokinase
-Streptase
-thrombolytic "clot buster"
-activate plaminogen whichgenerates plasmin that dissolves clots
Aspirin
-acetylsalicylic acid
-ASA
-antiplaelet
-may be used with anticoagulants
Clopidogrel
-Plavix
-antiplatelet med
-prophylaxis following MI, stroke
Dopamine
-positive inotropic/cardiotonic medication
-increases myocardial contractility
-dilates renal blood vessels and increases renal blood flow and urine output
Dobutamine
-used for short-term management of heart failure
increases myocardial contractility, thereby improving cardiac performance
Inamrinone lactate
-used for short-term management of congestive heart failure in those who have not responded adequately to cardiac glycosides, diuretics, ad vasodilators
milrinone
-Primacor)
-used for short-term management of congestive heart failure
-may be given before heart transplantation
Digoxin
-lanoxicaps, lanoxin, digitek
-cardiac glycoside
-inhibit the Na-K pump increasing intracellular Ca causing heart muscle fibers to contract more efficiently
-used for heart failure, cardiogenic shock, a-tach, a-fib, a-flutter
Therapeutic Digoxin Range
0.5 to 2 ng/ml
levels above 2 are toxic
hypokalemia can cause dig-tox
Thiazide Diuretics
-increase sodium and water excretion by inihbiting sodium reabsorption in the distal tubule of the kidney
-used for HTN and peripheral edema
-contraindicated in renal failure
Loop Diuretics
-inhibit Na and Cl reabsorption from the loop of Henle and distal tubule
-"Potassium Wasting"
-cause rapid diuretics
-caution with if taking dig or lithium (toxicity)
furosemide
-Lasix
-loop diuretics
Bumetanide
-Bumex
-loop diuretic
Ethancrynic acid
-Edecrin
-loop diuretic
Torsemide
-Demadex
-loop diuretic
Acetazolamide
-Diamox
-carbonic anhydrase inhibitor
-block the action of carbonic anhydrase needed tomaintain acid-base balance
-causes increased Na, K, and bicarb excretion
-metabolic acidosis occurs with prolonged use
-used for metabolic alkalosis
Amiloride
-Midamore
-potassium-sparing diuretics
Amiloride hydrochloride
-Moduretic
-potassium-sparing diuretic
Spironolactone
-Adactone
-potassium-sparing diuretic
Triamterene
-Dyrenium
-potassium-sparing diuretic
Mannitol
-Osmitrol
-osmotic diuretic
Urea
-Ureaphil
-osmotic diuretic
potassium-sparing diuretics
-act on the distal tubule to promote Na and water excretion and K retention
-used for edema and HTN, fluid overload from CHF, ascites from cirrhosis or kidney failure
peripherally acting a-adregernic blockers
decrease sympathetic vasoconstrictioin by reducing the effects of norepinephrine at peripheral nerve endings, resulting in vasodilatioin and decreased BP
-used to maintain renal blood flow
Afluzosin
-Uroxatral
-peripherally acting alpha adrenergic blocker
Doxazosin
-Cardura
-peripherally acting alpha adrenergic blocker
Phenoxygenzamine
-Dibenzyline
-peripherally acting alpha adrenergic blocker
Tamsulosin
Flowmax
-peripherally acting alpha adrenergic blocker
Terazosin
Hytrin
-peripherally acting alpha adrenergic blocker
Centrally acting sympatholytics
-stimulate alpha receptors in teh CNS to inhibit vasoconstriction, reducing peripheral resistance
-treat HTN
-contraindicated in liver disease
Clonidine
Catapres
-centrally acting sympatholytic
Methyldopa
Aldomet
-centrally acting sympatholytic
Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor
prevent peripheral vasoconsriction by bocking conversion of angiotensin I to angiotensin II
Angiotensin II Receptor blockers
prevent peripheral vasoconstrictioni and secretion of aldosterone and block the binding of angiotensin II to type 1 angiotensin II receptors
Benazepril
Lotensin
-ACE inhibitor
Captopril
Capoten
-ACE inhibitor
Enalapril
Vasotec
-ACE inhibitor
Fosinopril
Monopril

ACE inhibitor
Lisinopril
Prinivil, Zestril

ACE inhibitor
Moexipril
Univasc

ACE inhibitor
Perindopril
Aceon

ACE inhibitor
Quinapril
Accupril

ACE inhibitor
Ramipril
Altace

ACE inhibitor
Trandolapril
Mavik

ACE inhibitor
Candesartan
Atacand

ARB
Eprosartan
Teveten

ARB
Irbesartan
Avapro

ARB
Losartan
Cozaar

ARB
Olmesartan
Benicar

ARB
Telmisartan
Micardis

ARB
Valsartan
Diovan

ARB
Nitrates
-produce vasodilation
-decrease preload and afterload and reduce myocardial consumption
-contraindicated in hypotension, intracranial pressure, anemia
-avoid abrupt withdrawl
Isosorbide dinitrate
Isordil Titradose
-antianginal med
-nitrate
Isosoribide mononitrate
Imdur, Monoket
-antianginal med
-nitrate
nitroglycerin, sublingual
Nitrostat, NitroQuick, Nitrotab
Nitroglycerin, translingual
Nitrolingual Pumpspray
Nitroglycerin, transdermal patches
Minitran, Nitro-Dur, Nitrek, Transderm-Nitro
Nitroglycerin ointment
Nitro-Bid
-spread over 6X6 inch area, avoiding hairy areas, cover with plastic wrap
-wear gloves when applying patches and ointments
beta-adrenergic blockers
inhibit beta adrenergic stimulation decreasing CO
-block the release of catecholamines, epinephrine, and norepinephrine decreasing HR and BP-used for angina, dysrhythmias, HTN, migranes, MI prevention, glaucoma
carteolol
Cartrol Filmtabs
-beta adrenergic blockers
Carvedilol
Coreg Tiltab
-beta adrenergic blockers
Labetalol
Trandate

beta adrenergic blocker