Nursing Pharm Drugs Class And Use

Front 1

penicillin G Na/K, penicillin G procaine, penicillin V

Back 1

basic penicillins

Introduced to kill Staphyloccus
Inhibit bacterial cell wall synthesis

Front 2

amoxicillin (Amoxil)
ampicillin (Omnipen

Back 2

aminopenicillins

Broad-spectrum penicillins
Against gram + and gram –
Escherichia coli (-)
Salmonella (-)
H. Influenzae (-)

Front 3

dicloxacillin (Dynapen)
nafcillin & oxacillin (IM & IV)

Back 3

Penicillinase-resistant penicillins
Against most gram +
Staphylococcus
Bactericidal
Also known as antistaphylococcal

Front 4

amoxicillin-clavulanic acid (Augmentin)
piperacillin-tazabactam (Zosyn)
ticarcillin-clavulanic acid (Timentin)
ampicillin-sulbactam (Unasyn)

Back 4

Beta-lactamase inhibitors
Inhibits bacterial beta-lactamase enzyme

Front 5

amoxicillin

Back 5

: Broad-spectrum PCN

: Tx resp tract infection, UTI & otitis & sinusities

Front 6

dicloxacillin (B)

Back 6

Penicillinase-resistant PCN
: Tx Staph aureus

Front 7

cephalexin (Keflex): PO, cefadroxil (Duricef): PO, Velosef: PO

Back 7

First-generation cephalosporins

Front 8

cefaclor (Ceclor): PO, cefamandole (Mandol), Ceftin: PO

Back 8

Second-generation cephalosporins

Front 9

., cefoperazone (Cefobid), cefixime (Suprax), ceftazidime (Fortaz), ceftriaxone (Rocephin), Omnicef: PO, Cedax: PO

Back 9

Third-generation cephalosporins

Front 10

cefepime

Back 10

Fourth-generation
cephalosporins

Front 11

azithromycin.
erythromycin

Back 11

: macrolide
Respiratory and GI tract infection; sinuses, skin, and soft tissue infection

Front 12

vancomycin

Back 12

Glycopeptide
Inhibits cell wall synthesis
Fights gram +, S. aureus
Bactericidal
Uses
Serious infections:
Bone
Skin
Lower respiratory tract

Front 13

Tetracyclines

Back 13

Broad spectrum
Fights gram + and – bacteria
Fights Helicobacter pylori
Treats acne (oral, topical)
Bacterial resistance
Inhibits protein synthesis

Front 14

gentamicin (Garamycin): prototype
tobramycin (Nebcin)

Back 14

Aminoglycosides
Inhibit bacterial protein synthesis
Gram −, E. coli, Proteus pseudomonas
Bactericidal

Front 15

Fluoroquinolones

Back 15

Action
Interfere with enzyme DNA gyrase
Fight gram + and –
Broad spectrum: bactericidal
Uses
Streptococcus pneumoniae, Salmonella
Bone and joint infections
Bronchitis and pneumonia
Gastroenteritis
UTI (Upper)

Front 16

Sulfonamides

Back 16

Action
Inhibit bacterial synthesis of folic acid
Bacteriostatic
Fights gram – bacteria
Proteus, Klebsiella, E. coli, Chlamydia
Uses
UTI’s, respiratory infections & MRSA
Otitis media, prostatitis, gonorrhea

Front 17

Isoniazid

Back 17

Antitubercular Drugs

Front 18

amphotericin B and nystatin

Back 18

Polyenes
antifungals

Front 19

fluconazole, miconazole & ketoconazole

Back 19

Azoles
antifungals

Front 20

metronidazole

Back 20

Used for:
Intestinal amebiasis, trichomoniasis, bacterial vaginosis, inflammatory bowel disease, anaerobic infections, prophylaxis in colorectal surgery
Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori)

Front 21

Directigen Flu A

Back 21

Diagnostic tests for influenza A

Front 22

Flu OIA
Quick Vue
Zstatflu

Back 22

Diagnostic tests for influenza A and B

Front 23

amantadine HCl (Symmetrel), rimantadine HCl (Flumadine):

Back 23

treatment for influenza A
Nonclassified Antivirals

Front 24

cidofovir (Vistide):

Back 24

treatment for CMV retinitis
Nonclassified Antivirals

Front 25

foscarnet (Foscavir):

Back 25

treatment for herpesvirus and CMV retinitis

Front 26

vidarabine monohydrate (Vira-A):

Back 26

treatment for herpesvirus

Front 27

oseltamivir phosphate (Tamiflu), zanamivir (Relenza)

Back 27

Neuraminidase Inhibitors
Action: Inhibits viral replication
if given within 48 hours of symptoms
↓’s release of virus from infected cells = ↓ viral spread & shortens duration of flu s/s
Treatment for influenza A and B

Front 28

acyclovir (Zovirax); Drug Chart 33-1
famciclovir (Famvir), ganciclovir sodium (Cytovene), ribavirin (Virazole), valacyclovir (Valtrex), valganciclovir (Valcyte)

Back 28

Purine Nucleosides
Action
Interferes with the steps of viral DNA synthesis
Effective against various herpes viruses and CMV

Front 29

chloroquine HCL (Aralen HCL)
hydroxychloroquine (Plaquenil)
mefloquine (Lariam)

Back 29

Antimalarials

Front 30

mebendazole (Vermox

Back 30

Anti-helmintic
Helminths- parasitic worms: common site: gut
Most commonly seen: pinworms

Front 31

ivermectin (Stromectol

Back 31

Anthelmintics

Mites

Front 32

cyclophosphamide (Cytoxan)

Back 32

Class: Alkylating drug
cell cycle nonspecific anticancer chemotherapy

Front 33

5-fluorouracil (5-FU)

Back 33

Class: Antimetabolite
S phase cycle specific anticancer chemotherapy

Front 34

doxorubicin (Adriamycin)

Back 34

Class: Antitumor antibiotic
cell cycle nonspecific anticancer chemotherapy

Front 35

vincristine (Oncovin)

Back 35

Class: Plant/vinca alkaloid
M phase cycle specific anticancer chemo

Front 36

Dexrazoxane (Zinecard)

Back 36

Chemoprotective Agents
cardioprotective against doxorubicin

Front 37

Amifostine (Ethyol)

Back 37

Chemoprotective Agents
protective against cisplatin related renal toxicities

Front 38

Mesna (Mesnex)

Back 38

Chemoprotective Agents
protective against bladder toxicity with cytoxan and ifosfamide

Front 39

erythropoetin (Procrit, Epogen)

Back 39

Colony Stimulating Factors
stimulates RBC production

Front 40

Granulocyte and Pegfilgrastim CSF – filgrastim (Neupogen) and Pegfilgrastim (Neulasta)

Back 40

Colony Stimulating Factors
stimulates WBC production

Front 41

Granulocyte macrophage CSF (GM-CSF) sargramostin (Leukine)

Back 41

Colony Stimulating Factors
Only for Bone Marrow Transplant patients

Front 42

chlorpromazine (Thorazine)

Back 42

Typical Antipsychotics
phenothiazines

Front 43

fluphenazine (Prolixin)

Back 43

Typical Antipsychotics
phenothiazines

Front 44

thioridazine (Mellaril)

Back 44

Typical Antipsychotics
phenothiazines

Front 45

haloperidol (Haldol)

Back 45

Typical Antipsychotics
Nonphenothiazines

Front 46

clozapine (Clozaril)*

Back 46

Atypical Antipsychotics
Advantages
Effective in treating both positive and negative
symptoms of schizophrenia
Less likely to cause EPS or tardive dyskinesia
Action
Block serotonin and dopaminergic D4 receptors as well as blocking (and being released from) D2

Front 47

risperidone (Risperdal):

Back 47

Atypical Antipsychotics
Advantages
Effective in treating both positive and negative
symptoms of schizophrenia
Less likely to cause EPS or tardive dyskinesia
Action
Block serotonin and dopaminergic D4 receptors as well as blocking (and being released from) D2

Front 48

ziprasidone (Geodon)

Back 48

Atypical Antipsychotics
Advantages
Effective in treating both positive and negative
symptoms of schizophrenia
Less likely to cause EPS or tardive dyskinesia
Action
Block serotonin and dopaminergic D4 receptors as well as blocking (and being released from) D2

Front 49

aripiprazole (Abilify)

Back 49

Atypical Antipsychotics
Advantages
Effective in treating both positive and negative
symptoms of schizophrenia
Less likely to cause EPS or tardive dyskinesia
Action
Block serotonin and dopaminergic D4 receptors as well as blocking (and being released from) D2

Front 50

lorazepam (Ativan)

Back 50

Anxiolytics
Action
Inhibits GABA neurotransmission by binding to specific benzodiazepine receptors
Use
Anxiolytic, anticonvulsant, preoperative sedation

Front 51

amitriptyline (Elavil)

Back 51

Tricyclic antidepressants (TCAs)

Front 52

fluoxetine (Prozac), sertraline (Zoloft)

Back 52

Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs)

Front 53

venlafaxine (Effexor)

Back 53

Serotonin Norepinephrine Reuptake inhibitor (SNRI)

Front 54

bupropion (Wellbutrin)

Back 54

Norepinephrine and Dopamine Reuptake Inhibitors

Front 55

isocarboxazid (Marplan)

Back 55

Monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs)

Front 56

lithium (Eskalith)

Back 56

Class: mood stabilizer

Front 57

Vitamins A, D, E, K

Back 57

Fat-soluble

Front 58

Vitamins B1, B2, B3, B6 (known as B complex vitamins) and Vitamin C

Back 58

Water-soluble

Front 59

Vitamin A

Back 59

Function: Esssential for bone growth, maintenance
of epithelial tisssue, skin, hair & eyes

Front 60

Vitamin D (fat-soluble)Calciferol

Back 60

Function: Regulating Ca+ & phosphorous metabolism
(needed for Ca+ absorption from intestine)

Front 61

Vitamin E (fat-soluble)

Back 61

Function: Promotes formation & functioning of RBC’s,
muscle & other tissues

Front 62

Vitamin K (fat-soluble)

Back 62

Function: Needed for synthesis of
prothrombin & the clotting
factors (VII, IX & X)

Front 63

Vitamin B1 (water-soluble)Thiamine

Back 63

Promotes use of sugars (energy)
needed for good function of
nervous system & heart

Front 64

Vitamin B2 (water-soluble)Riboflavin

Back 64

Function: Promotes body use of CHO’s, CHON’s & fats
by releasing energy to cells, required for tissue integrity

Front 65

Vitamin B3 (water-soluble)Niacin

Back 65

Function: Necessary for energy producing
reactions & assists in nervous system

Front 66

Vitamin B6 (water-soluble)Pyridoxine

Back 66

Function: essential building block of nucleic acids,
RBC formation & synthesis of hemoglobin

Front 67

Vitamin B12 (water-soluble)Cobalamin

Back 67

Function: Building block of nucleic acids,
protein synthesis, RBC formation,
Fat & CHO metabolism &
functioning of nervous system

Front 68

Vitamin C (water-soluble)Ascorbic acid

Back 68

Function: Folic acid metabolism, tissue repair,
essential for erythropoesis & enhances
absorption of iron

Front 69

Folic acid

Back 69

Folate (active form of folic acid) is circulated to all tissues. Stored in the liver and tissues, it is essential for DNA (deoxyriboneucleic acid) synthesis & used for erythropoesis.
Without folic acid cellular division is disrupted
Folic acid deficiency during the 1st trimester of pregnancy can cause neural tube defects such as spina bifida or anecephaly of the fetus

Front 70

Ca+, Mg+, K+, Na+ & Phosphorus

Back 70

Macrominerals: Needed in lg amounts

Front 71

Chromium, Cobalt, Iron, Zinc & Selenium

Back 71

Microminerals: Needed in sm amounts

Front 72

Iron Also known as ferrous sulfate, ferrous gluconate, or fumarate

Back 72

Iron is vital in hemoglobin’s regeneration process

Front 73

Copper

Back 73

used for formation of RBCS and connective tissue

Front 74

Zinc–

Back 74

important to enzymatic reactions, imp. for growth and tissue repair, major role in wound healing, taste and smell.

Front 75

Chromium-

Back 75

helpful in control of type 2 diabetes by increasing insulin’s effect on the cells

Front 76

Selenium

Back 76

cofactor for antioxidant enzyme that protects protein and nucleic acids from oxidative damage. Partners with Vitamin E.
Anticarcinogenic effect (doses < 200 mcg)

Front 77

Crystalloids

Back 77

dextrose, saline, lactated ringers (used for replacement and maintenance therapy)

Front 78

Colloids

Back 78

dextran, amino acids, hetastarch, and Plasmanate (volume expanders)

Front 79

Blood and blood products-

Back 79

whole blood, packed RBC, plasma, albumin

Front 80

Lipids fat emulsion therapy

Back 80

(indicated when IV therapy > 5 days

Front 81

Cryoprecipitate & PPF

Back 81

Manage acute bleeding (over 50% blood loss slowly or 20% rapidly)

Front 82

FFP

Back 82

Increase clotting factor levels in pts with a demonstrated deficiency

Front 83

PRBC’s

Back 83

Increase oxygen-carrying capacity in pts with anemia, in pts with substantial hemoglobin deficits & in pts who have lost up to 25% of their total blood volume

Front 84

Whole blood

Back 84

Same as PRBC’s except that whole blood is more beneficial in cases of extreme (over 25%) loss of blood volume because whole blood also contains plasma, the chief fluid volume of the blood

Front 85

Potassium (K+)

Back 85

Vital for transmission/conduction of nerve impulses and contraction of cardiac, skeletal and smooth muscle
Promotes glycogen storage in liver and helps in regulation of osmolality of cellular fluids

Front 86

Potassium (K+) lvl

Back 86

Normal serum level= 3.5-5.3 mEq/L

Front 87

Sodium (Na+)

Back 87

Major cation of extracellular fluid
Main function: Regulates body fluids, promotes transmission and conduction of nerve impulses, participant in sodium-potassium pump that causes cellular activity

Front 88

sodium lvl

Back 88

Normal value is 135-145 mEq/L

Front 89

Calcium (Ca+)

Back 89

Promotes nerve and muscle activity, increases contraction of heart muscle, maintains normal cellular permeability, promotes blood clotting & needed for formation of bone and teeth

Front 90

calcium lvl

Back 90

Normal calcium level is 4.5-5.5 mEq/L

Front 91

Magnesium (Mg+)

Back 91

Most plentiful in intracellular fluid, promotes the transmission of neuromuscular activity.
Is responsible for transportation of sodium and potassium across cell membrane

Front 92

Mg lvl

Back 92

Normal magnesium level is 1.5-2.5mEq/L

Front 93

Chloride

Back 93

Principle cation in extracellular fluid. Major contributor to acid-base balance and ECF osmolality
Hypo-tremors, twitching, slow, shallow breathing (severe:
↓ B/P)
Hyper- weakness, lethargy, deep-rapid breathing (late:

Front 94

chloride lvl

Back 94

Chloride (95-108 mEq/L)

Front 95

Phosphorous

Back 95

Major anion in intracellular fluid. Mostly found in association with calcium
Essential in bone/teeth formation and neuromuscular activity
Hypo: muscle weakness, tremors, bone pain, anorexia,seizures
Hyper: hyperreflexia, tetany, tachycardia, nausea & diarrhea

Front 96

phosphorous lvl

Back 96

Phosphorous (1.7-2.6 mEq/L)

Front 97

Levothyroxine sodium (Synthroid)

Back 97

increases T3 and T4 levels.
also used to treat Hashimoto thyroiditis.

Front 98

Propylthiouracil (PTU)
Methimazole (Tapazole

Back 98

Anti-thyroid drugs
Thioamides
Are useful to treat thyrotoxic crisis and in preparation for subtotal thyroidectomy

Front 99

Potassium iodide (SSKI)

Back 99

Suppresses thyroid function in pts who’ve had subtotal thyroidectomy

Front 100

hydrocortisone (Cortef, Hydrocortone)

Back 100

cortisone” drugs (aka “steroids”)
Short acting

Front 101

methylprednisone (Solu-Medrol, Depo-Medrol)
^prednisone (Deltasone)

Back 101

Intermediate acting
“cortisone” drugs (aka “steroids”)

Front 102

beclomethasone (Vancenase)
dexamethasone (Decadron)
NOTE: SUFFIX “ONE”

Back 102

Long acting
cortisone” drugs (aka “steroids”)

Front 103

Glucocorticoid Drugs

Back 103

Indications
Trauma
Surgery
Inflammatory conditions
Autoimmune disorders: MS, RA, MG
Allergic reactions: asthma, dermatitis, anaphylaxis
Debilitating conditions: malignancies

Front 104

aminogluthemide (Cytadren)

Back 104

Inhibit glucocorticoid synthesis
Temporary treatment of Cushing syndrome,
Antineoplastic hormone antagonist

Front 105

Fludrocortisone (Florinef)

Back 105

Mineralcorticoid Drugs
Maintains fluid balance by promoting sodium reabsorption from renal tubules

Front 106

Somatrem (Protropin)
Somatropin (Humatrope)

Back 106

Drug Therapy: Growth hormone (GH) deficiency
Used to treat growth failure in children (prevent dwarfism)

Front 107

Octreotide** (Sandostatin)

Back 107

synthetic GH used to suppress GH release.

Front 108

desmopressin (DDAVP)**

Back 108

Drugs used to Treat ADH Deficiency

Front 109

vasopressin (Pitressin)**

Back 109

Drugs used to Treat ADH Deficiency

Front 110

Calcitrol (Rocaltrol)^

Back 110

Enhances calcium absorption from GI tract and deposits in bones to treat hypoparathyroidism

Front 111

Calcitonin-salmon (Miacalcin)

Back 111

For primary hyperparathyroidism/ hypercalcemia, Paget’s disease or anti-neoplastic therapy

reduces calcium levels

Front 112

Humalog (lispro)
Novolog (aspart)
Apidra (glulisine)

Back 112

Rapid-acting
onset 5-15 min, peak ~1-3hr, duration ~2-5hr

Exogenous Insulin

Front 113

Regular
Humulin R
Novolin R

Back 113

Short-acting
onset 30 min, peak 2-4hr, duration 6-8hr
Exogenous Insulin

Front 114

NPH
Humulin N
Novolin N

Back 114

Intermediate-acting
Onset1-2 hrs, peaks 6-12hrs, duration 18-24
Exogenous Insulin

Front 115

Lantus (glargine)

Back 115

Long-acting: onset 1hr, no peak, duration 24hrs
Exogenous Insulin

Front 116

glipizide (Glucatrol)

Back 116

2nd Generation Sulfonylureas
Increase tissue response to insulin

Front 117

Metformin (Glucophage)

Back 117

Biguanides
Acts on liver to decrease glucose production after meals
Does not produce hyper or hypoglycemia

Front 118

pioglitazone (Actos) and rosigliatazone (Avandia)

Back 118

Thiazolidinediones
Decrease insulin resistance

Front 119

Sitagliptin (Januvia)

Back 119

Increases incretin hormones
Increases insulin secretion
Decreases glucagon secretion to decrease glucose production
Used as adjunct treatment with exercise and diet

Front 120

Minipills (Micronor, Ovrette & NorQD)

Back 120

Method of action: Primary-alters cervical mucus (Secondary-inhibits ovulation-not reliable)
contraceptive

Front 121

DMPA: Depo-Provera

Back 121

Method of action: cervical mucus thickening, thinning of endometrium, ↓ tubal motility & ovulation inhibited d/t higher circulating hormone levels
Given q 3 months by IM injection
contraceptive

Front 122

DMPA: Nexplanon (single rod system)

Back 122

Method of action: cervical mucus thickening & thinning of endometrium, (inhibits ovulation d/t higher circulating drug level)
contraceptive

Front 123

Mirena

Back 123

Has progesterone imbedded in device: good for 5 years (alters cervical mucus & endometrium)
iud

Front 124

Paragard

Back 124

Good for 10 years
Copper in device:
interferes with
contractions within
uterus impeding sperm
migration & inflammation
endometrium
iud

Front 125

Danazol (danocrine):

Back 125

suppresses release of FSH & LH
Gonadotropin inhibitor
Can be used as long as 9 months
Causes hypoestrogenic state
treats Endometriosis

Front 126

Lupron Depot (leuprolide acetate)

Back 126

Gn-RH agonist
Use limited to 6 months
Causes hypoestrogenic state
treats Endometriosis

Front 127

Menostar:

Back 127

once weekly transdermal patch (women with uterus need progesterone q 6-12 months)
to treat osteoporosis

Front 128

Fosamax or Actonel:
Boniva
Reclast

Back 128

Biphosphonates
to treat osteoporosis

Front 129

AndroGel (testosterone)

Back 129

Androgen

Front 130

GnRH: leuprolide

Back 130

Antiandrogens
Block synthesis/action of androgens

Front 131

Flutamide

Back 131

Antiandrogens
Block synthesis/action of androgens
Used to treat prostate cancer

Front 132

sildenafil citrate (Viagra)
vardenafil (Levitra)
tadalafil (Cialis)

Back 132

phosphodiesterase (PDE) inhibitors
ED

Front 133

finasteride (Proscar)
dutasteride (Avodart, Duagen)

Back 133

5-alpha reductase inhibitors
Treatment of Benign prostatic hyperplasia

Front 134

tamsulosin (Flomax)
doxazosin (Cardura)
terazosin (Hytrin)
alfuzosin (Uroxatrel)

Back 134

Alpha-adrenergic blocking agents
Treatment of Benign prostatic hyperplasia

Front 135

clomiphene citrate (Clomid);
bromocriptine mesylate (Parlodel)

Back 135

Induction of ovulation
Infertility Treatment

Front 136

secobarbital (Seconal)
pentobarbital sodium (Nembutal)
promethazine (Phenergan)
hydroxyzine HCl (Vistaril, Atarax)

Back 136

Drugs for Pain Control During Labor

Front 137

fentanyl (Sublimaze)
morphine sulfate (Morphine):
butorphanol tartrate (Stadol)
nalbuphine HCl (Nubain)

Back 137

Narcotic agonists
Drugs for Pain Control During Labor

Front 138

Pitocin (oxytocin)
Prepidil gel (PGE2, dinoprostone)
Cervidil (dinoprostone)
Cytotec (misoprostol, PGE1)

Back 138

Prostaglandins
Induction of labor
thinning cervix

Front 139

oxytocin
Ergot alkaloids (ergonovine maleate, methylergonovine mealeat

Back 139

labor induction
increases uterine contractility

Front 140

Bupropion** (Zyban aka Wellbutrin)

Back 140

Treatment with nicotine Inhibitors

Inhibits reuptake of dopamine
May be used with transderman NRT

Front 141

Varenicline (Chantix)

Back 141

Treatment with nicotine Inhibitors

Nicotinic receptor partial agonist
Client may smoke during the first week on the med

Front 142

Chlordiazepoxide (Librium)
Lorazepam (Ativan)

Back 142

Benzodiazepines to prevent DTs

Front 143

Disulfiram (Antabuse)

Back 143

Disrupts alcohol metabolism
Accumulation of acetaldehyde with alcohol intake

Front 144

flumazenil (Romazicon)

Back 144

Benzodiazepine antagonist
For respiratory depression
for benzo overdose

Front 145

naloxone (Narcan)

Back 145

Antagonist: opiod
for overdose

Front 146

methadone (Dolophine)

Back 146

Substituting prevents withdrawal
Is addictive
opiod agonist

Front 147

Naltrexone (ReVia)

Back 147

Antagonist opiod
For maintenance treatment
Will precipitate withdrawal

Front 148

Suboxone

Back 148

Buprenorphine + naloxone
Mixed Agonist-antagonists opiod
Decrease withdrawal
Suppress craving

Front 149

ASA
Ibuprofen (Motrin, Advil)
Naproxen (Aleve)

Back 149

1gen NSAIDS
ASA and ASA-like drugs
Inhibit COX 1 and COX 2
Used primarily for inflammation and pain
Minor analgesic and antipyretic properties

Front 150

Aspirin (acetylsalicylic acid: ASA)

Back 150

Salicylates
Antiinflammatory
Antiplatelet aggregate
Antipyretic effects

Front 151

Indomethacin (Indocin)

Back 151

Used for arthritis (RA, gout, osteo)
Very effective prostaglandins inhibitor
1gen nsaid

Front 152

Diclofenac sodium (Voltaren)
Ketorolac (Toradol)

Back 152

Phenylacetic Acid Derivatives
type of 1gen NSAID

Front 153

Ibuprofen (Motrin, Advil)

Back 153

Propionic Acid Derivatives
1gen NSAID
Very effective prostaglandins inhibitor

Front 154

Celecoxib (Celebrex)

Back 154

2nd Generation NSAIDSCOX-2 Inhibitors

Front 155

auranofin (Ridaura)

Back 155

Gold drug therapy (aka chrysotherapy)
Used to arrest rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and prevent deformities

Front 156

Azathiprine (Imuran)
Cyclophosphamide (Cytoxan)
Methotrexate (Mexate)

Back 156

Immunosuppressive Agents
Primarily used to suppress growth of cancer
May be used to treat refractory RA

Front 157

Anakinra (Kineret)
Etanercept (Enbrel)
Infliximab (Remicade)
Adalimumab (Humira)

Back 157

Immunomodulators
Used to treat moderate to severe RA, Crohn’s
Delay disease progression and stop inflammatory process
Interleukin (IL-1) receptor agonists
Tumor necrosis factor (TNF) blocker

Front 158

Colchicine

Back 158

antiinflammatory properties for acute attacks
antigout

Front 159

Allopurinol (Zyloprim)

Back 159

Inhibits production of uric acid to prevent attacks
Better for clients with renal calculi
antigout

Front 160

Acetaminophen

Back 160

Not considered an NSAID
Does not have antiinflammatory properties
Analgesic and antipyretic properties
Does not cause gastric distress
Does not interfere with platelet aggregation
Can be given in pregnancy

Front 161

Morphine Sulfate
Codeine

Back 161

Opioids

Front 162

Meperidine (Demerol)
Hydromorphone (Dilaudid)
Combination NSAID-Opiods
Fentanyl (Duragesic [transdermal])

Back 162

Synthetic opioid narcotics

Front 163

Sumatriptan (Imitrex)

Back 163

Primarily used in treatment of migraine headaches
Causes vasoconstriction of cranial arteries
Selective Serotonin Receptor Agonists(Triptans

Front 164

Digitalis

Back 164

Positively inotropic
Negatively chronotropic
Negatively dromotropic
Inhibits the sodium-potassium pump
Not the first line drug for HF
Used more for rate conduction control

Front 165

Dopamine
Dobutamine

Back 165

Inotropes
Used to Treat Severe Heart Failure in Critical Care Settings

Front 166

Inamrinone (Inocor)
Milrinone (Primacor)

Back 166

Used to Treat Severe Heart Failure in Critical Care Settings
Phosphodiasterase inhibitors

Front 167

Nesiritide (Natrecor

Back 167

Used to Treat Severe Heart Failure in Critical Care Settings
Vasodilation and diureses

Front 168

Hydrochlorothiazide (HCTZ)*

Back 168

Thiazide and Thiazide-like Diuretics
Potassium-wasting diuretics

Front 169

Furosemide (Lasix)*
Bumetanide (Bumex)

Back 169

Loop Diuretics
Potassium-wasting diuretics

Front 170

Mannitol (Osmitrol)

Back 170

osmotic diuretic
Potassium-wasting diuretics

Front 171

Spironolactone (Aldactone) (important)
Aldosterone antagonist
Triamterene (Dyrenium)*

Back 171

Potassium-sparing Diuretics

Front 172

Atenolol (Tenormin)
Metoprolol (Lopressor)*

Back 172

β1
Beta-Adrenergic Blockers for HTN

Front 173

Carvedilol (Coreg)
Nadolol (Corgard)
Propranolol (Inderal)

Back 173

Nonselective β1 and β2
Beta-Adrenergic Blockers for HTN

Front 174

Methyldopa (Aldomet)
Clonidine (Catapres)

Back 174

Centrally Acting Alpha2 Agonists
Decrease sympathetic response and stimulate alpha2 receptors
↓CO
Vasodilation
Reduces vascular resistance

Front 175

Prazosin (Minipres)*

Back 175

Selective alpha1 blockers
Dilate arterioles and venules
treats HTN

Front 176

Phentolamine (Regitine)

Back 176

Nonselective alpha blockers
Uses for HTN crisis

Front 177

Diazoxide (Hyperstat)
Hydralazine (Apresoline)
Sodium nitroprusside (Nipride)

Back 177

Direct Acting Vasodilators
Potent antihypertensive agents
Promote increase in blood flow to brain and kidneys
Cause Na+ and H2O retention
For HTN emergency

Front 178

captopril (Catopres)
enalapril (Vasotec)
lisinopril (Prinivil, Zestril)
quinapril (Accupril)
ramipril (Altace)

Back 178

Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme (ACE) Inhibitors
treat HTN

Front 179

Losartan (Cozaar)*

Back 179

Angiotensin II Receptor Blockers(ARBs)
treat HTN

Front 180

Verapamil (Calan)
Diltiazem (Cardizem)
Amlodipine (Norvasc)
Flodipine (Plendil)
Nifedipine (Procardia, Adalat)

Back 180

Calcium Channel Blockers for HTN

Front 181

Nitrostat (SL)

Back 181

Nitroglycerin
Acute Angina

Front 182

Nitrobid (PO)
Nitro-Bid (ointment)
Transderm- Nitro patch (transdermal)
Isordil,
Imdur

Back 182

Nitroglycerin
Long term management of angina

Front 183

Tridil

Back 183

Acute Care Setting (ICU)
Nitroglycerin
for angina

Front 184

Atenolol (Tenormin)
Metoprolol (Lopressor, Toprol XL)* multi-use drug
Nadolol (Corgard)

Back 184

Beta blockers
for angina

Front 185

Verapamil (Calan, Isoptin)
Diltiazem (Cardizem)*
Nifedipine (Procardia, Adalat)

Back 185

Calcium Channel Blockers
for angina

Front 186

Heparin

Back 186

Natural substance in the liver that prevents clot formation.
Indicated for use when rapid anticoagulant effect is needed
Inactivates factor Xa and thrombin formation in the anticoagulant cascade t0 prevents thrombosis formation.

Front 187

Enoxaparin (Lovenox)
Dalteparin (Fragmin)

Back 187

Low molecular weight heparins (LMWH)

Front 188

argatroban (Acova)
bivalirudin (Angiomax)
lepirudin (Refludan).

Back 188

More costly than heparin
Directly inhibit thrombin from converting fibrinogen to fibrin
Given intravenously

Front 189

Warfarin (Coumadin)
dabagatran (Pradaxa)
rivaroxaban (Xarelto)

Back 189

Inhibits hepatic synthesis of vitamin K
Affects clotting factors II, VII, IX, and X.
Used to prevent thromboembolic conditions
Thrombophlebitis
PE
Embolus formation caused by atrial fibrillation

Front 190

Vitamin K (phytonadione or mephyton)

Back 190

Warfarin (Coumadin)Antidote

Front 191

Plavix (clopidogrel)
Persantine (dipyridamole)
Ticlid (ticlopidine)

Back 191

Adenosine diphosphate (ADP) antagonists
Antiplatelet Drugs

Front 192

Cilostazol (Pletal)

Back 192

Inhibits platelet aggregation but is also is a vasodilator
Used for intermittent claudication

Front 193

ReoPro (abciximab)
Integrilin (epitifibatide)
Aggrastat (tirofiban)

Back 193

Platelet glycoprotein (GP) IIb/IIIa receptor angonist
Used primarily for
acute coronary syndrome (ACS)
prevention of re-occlusion of coronary arteries following percutaneous coronary angioplasty (PTCA)

Front 194

Altepase (Tissue Plasminogen Activator [tPA])

Back 194

Plasmin digests the fibrin in a clot
Only thrombolytic approved for stroke

Front 195

procainamide (Pronestyl)
lidocaine (Xylocaine)

Back 195

Sodium channel blockers
Slows down action potential of ectopic foci
Ventricular dysrhythmias
IV for acute events

Front 196

disopyramide (Norpace)
flecanide (Tambocor)
propafenone (Rhythmol)

Back 196

PO for maintenance and prevention
Sodium channel blockers
Slows down action potential of ectopic foci
Ventricular dysrhythmias

Front 197

Amiodarone (Cordarone)

Back 197

First line drug for ventricular (VT, PVCs) dysrhythmias
Increases refractory period
Prolongs action potential duration

Front 198

Adenosine (Adenocard)

Back 198

Can be used for PSVT and WPW
“Chemical defibrillation”
Interrupts re-entry pathways through the AV node
Allows sinus node to reset and recapture rhythm
NOT a first line drug

Front 199

diltiazem (Cardizem)
verapamil (Calan, Isoptin)

Back 199

Calcium Channel Blockers
Decreases the excitability and contractility of the myocardium (decrease calcium influx)
Slows conduction through the AV node which decreases ventricular response
Used primarily for atrial dysrhythmias (Afib /flutter, PSVT, PAT)

Front 200

Atropine sulfate

Back 200

Used to treat hemodynamically significant (HS) bradycardia, Inhibits the action of the vagus nerve (parasympatholytic)
Also used to reverse the toxic effects of organophosphate pesticide and nerve agent exposure

Front 201

Magnesium sulfate

Back 201

Refractory ventricular tachycardia
torsades de pointes (TdP)
Refractory ventricular fibrillation
Cardiac arrest associated with hypomagnesmia
Ventricular dysrhythmias related to digitalis toxicity

Front 202

Epinephrine

Back 202

Catecholamine with alpha and beta properties
Used for
Anaphylactic shock
Asystole
PEA
Pulseless ventricular tachycardia
Ventricular fibrillation
Enhances response to electrical defibrillation in fine V-fib

Front 203

Sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO3)

Back 203

IV push / *Continuous IV infusion
Only for
Documented severe acidosis with prolonged cardiac arrest
Hyperkalemia
Tricyclic antidepressant overdose
Myoglobinemia (rhabdomyolysis)

Front 204

Mannitol

Back 204

Osmotic diuretic
Guided by serum osmolality
Highly irritating to veins
Cerebral edema and increased intracranial pressure (ICP)
Head trauma
Neurosurgery
Other intracranial pathology

Front 205

Methylprednisolone

Back 205

Steroid
Aspiration
Emergency Drugs: Neuro / Pulmonary

Front 206

Albuterol

Back 206

Beta2 adrenergic effects
Reverse bronchoconstriction in anphylactic shock, asthma, and COPD

Front 207

Dopamine

Back 207

Sympathomemetic
increased renal and mesenteric artery blood flow
Beta effects: increased B/P from increased HR and contractility
Alph effects: increased B/P from vasoconstriction

Front 208

Norepinephrine (Levophed)

Back 208

Sympathomemetic with strong alpha adrenergic effects
Continuous IV infusion
NOT weight based
Shock states when dopamine and dobutamine have failed to produce adequate BP
Effects much the same as very high dose dopamine

Front 209

Diphenhydramine hydrochloride (Benadryl)

Back 209

Antihistimine
Used with epinephrine to treat allergies and anayphylactic shock (not effective if given alone

Front 210

Dextrose 50%
Glucagon

Back 210

Treat insulin induced hypoglycemia (insulin shock)

Front 211

Nitroprusside sodium

Back 211

Potent vasodilator
Reduces arterial BP in hypertensive emergencies

Front 212

Diphenhydramine (Benadryl)

Back 212

Antihistamines
H1 antagonists

Front 213

certizine (Zyrtec)
fexofenadine (Allegra)
loratadine (Claritin)
Azelastine (Astelin)

Back 213

Antihistamines
2ND GENERATION
Often referred to as nonsedating antihistamines
Minimal sedation and fewer anticholinergic symptoms

Front 214

Ephedrine,
phenylephrine (Neo-Synephrine),
pseudoephedrine (Sudafed)
Naphazoline (Allerest)
Oxymetazoline (Afrin)
Tetrahydrozaline (Tyzine)

Back 214

Decongestants

Front 215

Beclomethasone (Vancenase, Vanceril)
Budesonide (Rhinorcort)
Mometasone furoate (Nasonex)
Fluticasone (Flonase)
Triamcinolone (Nasacort)

Back 215

Intranasal Glucocorticoids
Effective treatment for seasonal allergic rhinitis

Front 216

benzonatate (Tessalon)
dextromethorphan hydrobromide (Benylin,Vicks Formula 44, Sucrets )

Back 216

Nonnarcotic Antitussives

Front 217

guaifenesin and codeine (Robitussin A-C)
hydrocodone bitartrate (Hycodan)
Codeine CSS II

Back 217

Narcotic Antitussives

Front 218

Guaifenesin (Robitussin, Mucinex)

Back 218

Expectorants

Front 219

Albuterol (Proventil, Ventolin)
Metaproterenol (Alupent)
Levalbuterol (Xopenex)
Formoterol (Foradil)
Tiotropium (Spiriva)
Salmeterol (Serevent)

Back 219

Beta2 Adrenergic Agonist
Effective in the treatment and control of asthma

Front 220

Epinephrine
Adrenalin
Primatene Mist
Bronkaid Mist

Back 220

Alpha and Beta Adrenergic Agonist
Effective in the treatment and control of asthma

Front 221

Ipratropium bromide (Atrovent)

Back 221

Anticholinergics
Dilates the bronchioles

Front 222

Theophylline (Aminophylline, Theodur)

Back 222

Methylxanthines
Stimulate the CNS and respiration
Dilate coronary and pulmonary vessels
Cause diuresis
Increases cAMP levels

Front 223

montelukast sodium (Singulair)

Back 223

Leukotriene Receptor Antagonists and Synthesis Inhibitors
Reduce inflammatory symptoms of asthma triggered by allergy / environment
For maintenance and prophylactic therapy
Used for exercise induced asthma

Front 224

Aristocort
Decadron
prednisone
Prednisolone
methylprednisolone

Back 224

Glucocorticoids
Have antiinflammatory action
Indicated if unresponsive to bronchodilator therapy

Front 225

Cromolyn sodium (Intal)

Back 225

Inhibits release of histamine to prevent an asthma reaction
Does not have bronchodilator properties
Prophylactic treatment of bronchial asthma
Must be taken daily

Front 226

Nedocromil

Back 226

Actions and uses are similar to cromolyn but thought to be more effective
Route: Inhalation
Antiinflammatory effect
Suppresses the release of histamine, leukotrienes and other mast cell mediators
Used prophylactically not for acute attack

Front 227

Mucomyst (acetylcystine)*

Back 227

Liquefy and loosen mucous so they can be expectorated

Front 228

Pulmozyme

Back 228

Mucolytics
is given to clients with cystic fibrosis to reduce risk of respiratory infection and improve pulmonary function

Front 229

zidovudine (Retrovir)
didanosine (Videx)
stavudine (Zerit)
lamivudine (Epivir)
abacavir (Ziagen)
tenofovir (Viread)
emtricitabine (Emtriva)

Back 229

Nucleoside/Nucleotide Reverse transcriptase Inhibitors (NRTIs)
Antiretroviral Agents
for HIV

Front 230

efavirenz (Sustiva)
delavirdine (Rescriptor)
nevirapine (Viramune)

Back 230

Non-nucleoside Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors (NNRTIs)
Prevent viral replication by competing with binding of the reverse transcriptase enzyme at the active site
for HIV

Front 231

lopinavir-ritonavir (Keletra)

Back 231

Protease Inhibitors
Inhibit HIV protease interferes with replication

Front 232

Enfuvirtide (Fuzeon)

Back 232

Entry inhibitors
Acts by a mechanism that inhibits fusion of HIV and CD4 cell

Front 233

trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (Bactrim, Septra)
(nitrofurantoin)
Fluoroquinolones
Others: amoxicillin/clavulanic acid (Augmentin), and
third-generation
cephalosporins

Back 233

Common drug groups to treat UTIs

Front 234

Macrodantin (nitrofurantoin)

Back 234

Use: Tx acute & chronic UTI’s
MOA: inhibits bacterial enzymes & metabolism

Front 235

phenazopyridine (Pyridium or Azo)

Back 235

Action: relieve pain, burning sensation, and frequency and urgency of urination

Front 236

bethanechol chloride (Urecholine)

Back 236

Parasympathomimetics
Urinary stimulants

Front 237

oxybutynin (Ditropan

Back 237

Action: direct action on smooth muscles of the urinary tract to relieve spasms
Urinary Antispasmodics

Front 238

tolterodine tartrate (Detrol)

Back 238

Urinary Antimuscarinics
Action: control an overactive bladder

Front 239

Retin-A (tretinoin)
Differin (adapalen)
Various antibiotics
tetracycline, clindamycin or erythromycin
Mod acne

Back 239

Topical Antiacne

Front 240

isotretinoin (Accutane)
tetracycline (Doryx)

Back 240

Severe, persistent, nodular cystic acne
oraL med

Front 241

anthralin
tazarotene (Tazorac):
PUVA (psoralen & ultraviolet A):

Back 241

Topical Psoriasis tx

Front 242

etretinate (Tegison);

Back 242

Used for severe, pustular psoriasis (not plaque)
Used when other agents have failed
Antiinflammatory effect & inhibits keratinization & proliferation of epithelial cells

Front 243

etanercept (Enbrel)
infliximab (Remicade)
alefacept (Amevive)
adalimumab (Humira)

Back 243

Biologic agents

Mod-severe psoriasis
TNF-alpha inhibitor
Subq every other week

Front 244

salicylic acid
cantharidin (Cantharone
imiquimod (Aldara)
(Condylox)

Back 244

Verruca Vulgaris (Warts) tx

Front 245

tacrolimus (Protopic)
pimecrolimus 1% cream (Elidil)

Back 245

calcineurin inhibitors
Eczema (atopic dermatitis)

Front 246

permethrin (Acticin, Nix)

Back 246

Preferred tx for scabies and lice

Front 247

mupirocin (Bactroban)
retapamulin (Altabox)

Back 247

Topical (mild-mod) tx
impetigo

Front 248

Antistaphylococcal antibiotics (macrolides, cephalosporins & Augmentin)

Back 248

Systemic (severe)tx for impetigo

Front 249

minoxidil (Rogaine)

Back 249

Causes vasodilation: ↑ blood flow to hair follicle

Front 250

mafenide acetate (Sulfamylon cream)

Back 250

Use: tx 2nd & 3rd degree burns, prevent organsim invasion of burned tissue areas, tx burn infection
MOA: inhibits bacterial cell wall synthesis

Front 251

varicella (Varivax)

Back 251

Use: prevention of chickenpox
MOA: stimulates active immunity against natural disease

Front 252

: Dramamine (dimenhydrinate), Marezine (cyclizine hydrochloride) and Benadryl (diphenhydramine hydrochloride

Back 252

Antihistamine antiemetics
Prevent nausea, vomiting and dizziness related to vertigo.

Front 253

Pepto-Bismol (bismuth subsalicylate)–

Back 253

acts directly on gastric mucosa to suppress vomiting.

Front 254

Vistaril (hydroxyzine)

Back 254

Anithistamine: Prescription
For preoperative N/V & postoperative N/V

Front 255

Transderm Scop (scopolamine):

Back 255

Used for motion sickness & preanesthetic

Front 256

Phenergan (promethazine HCL)

Back 256

Use: tx & prevent motion sickness & N/V
MOA: blocks H1 receptor sites, inhibits CTZ

Front 257

haloperidol (Haldol) and droperidol (Inapsine)

Back 257

Butyrophenones
These drugs block the dopamine2 receptors in the CTZ with similar action of phenothiazines.
Used to treat nausea and vomiting both in postoperative care and associated with toxins, cancer chemotherapy, and radiation therapy.
Smaller doses are utilized than for psychiatric effect.

Front 258

metoclopramide (Reglan)

Back 258

This suppresses emesis by blocking dopamine receptors in the CTZ.

Used to treat postoperative emesis, cancer chemotherapy, and radiation

Front 259

Ativan (lorazepam)

Back 259

Some benzodiazepines assist in controlling nausea and vomiting that corresponds to chemotherapy.

Front 260

Zofran (ondansetron HCL)

Back 260

Serotonin (5-HT3) receptor antagonist
These medications suppress nausea and vomiting by blocking the serotonin receptors (5-HT3) in the CTZ and afferent vagal nerve terminals in the upper GI tract.
Most effective of all antiemetics in the suppression of nausea/vomiting related to chemotherapy-induced emesis or emetogenic anticancer drugs. Also used to prevent perioperative nausea.

Front 261

dexamethasone (Decadron) and methylprednisolone (Solu-Medrol)

Back 261

Glucocorticoids
Effective in suppressing chemotherapy –associated emesis.

Minimal side effects related to the short duration of treatment.

Front 262

dronabinol (Marinol)

Back 262

Cannabinoids
Clinical use for the treatment of N/V
May be used for pts who are receiving chemotherapy but are unresponsive to other antiemetics.
May also be prescribed for use as an appetite stimulant for pts diagnosed with AIDS

Front 263

Ipecac

Back 263

Administration may be appropriate for patient who is awake and has ingested the poisonous substance within the last 60 minutes.

Front 264

Lomotil (diphenoxylate with atropine)

Back 264

Use: Tx diarrhea by slowing intestinal motility
MOA: inhibition of gastric motility

Front 265

Sandostatin (octreotide)

Back 265

nhibits gastric acid, pepsinogen, gastrin, cholecystokinen, serotonin secretions, and intestinal fluid

Decreases smooth muscle contractility

Often used to aid in the treatment of severe diarrhea related to metastatic cancer

Front 266

kaolin, pectin, bismuth salts
bismuth salts (Pepto-Bismol)

Back 266

These drugs act by coating the wall of the GI tract and absorbing bacteria/toxins that cause diarrhea.

Front 267

Sodium salts–
Magnesium salts
. Potassium salts
(GOLYTELY)
Glycerin
lactulose

Back 267

Osmotic (Saline) laxatives
MOA: Hyperosmolar salts pull water into the colon or bowel increasing water in the feces.

Front 268

Dulcolax (bisacodyl)

Back 268

Use: short term tx for constipation & bowel prep for diagnostic tests
MOA: ↑’s peristalsis by direct effect on smooth muscle of intestine

Front 269

Metamucil (psyllium)

Back 269

Use: to control chronic constipation
MOA: acts as bulk-forming laxative by drawing water into intestine

Front 270

Surfak (docusate calcium)
Dialose (docusate potassium)
Colace (docusate sodium)
Pericolace (docusate sodium with casanthranol)

Back 270

Emollients (Stool softeners

Are lubricants used to prevent constipation

Decrease straining during elimination

Lower surface tension and promote water
accumulation in the intestine and stool


Often prescribed after MI or surgery and given before administration of laxatives when treating fecal impaction.

Front 271

Amphojel (aluminum hydroxide)

Back 271

Use: tx hyperacidity, peptic ulcer & reflux esophagitis
antacid

Front 272

Prevacid (lansoprazole

Back 272

Tx: peptic and duodenal ulcers, GERD
MOA: suppresses gastric acid secretion by inhibiting hydrogen/potassium ATPase enzyme in gastric parietal cells

Front 273

Carafate (sucralfate

Back 273

pepsin inhibitor
Preg cat.: B
Use: prevent gastric mucosal injury from drug-induced ulcers (ASA, NSAIDs); manage ulcers
MOA: in combination with gastric acid, forms a protective covering on the ulcer surface

Front 274

misoprostol

Back 274

Synthetic prostaglandin analogue that is prescribed to prevent and treat peptic ulcers

Appears to suppress gastric acid secretion and increase cytoprotective mucus in the GI tract

Causes moderate decrease in the secretion of pepsin

Front 275

Modafinil (Provigil)
Methylphenidate (Ritalin)
Atomoxetine (Strattera)

Back 275

Amphetamine-like Drugs for Narcolepsy

Front 276

Xanthines (methylxanthines)

Back 276

stimulate respiration

Front 277

Thiopental sodium (Pentothal

Back 277

Ultra Short-acting barbiturates

Front 278

Pentobarbital (Nembutal)
Secobarbital (Seconal)

Back 278

Short-acting barbiturates

Front 279

Butabarbital (Butisol)

Back 279

Intermediate-acting barbiturates

Front 280

Flurazepam (Dalmane)
Diazepam (Valium)
Temazepam (Restoril)
Triazolam (Halcion)
Lorazepam (Ativan)
Midazolam (Versed)
Alprazolam (Xanax)

Back 280

Selected benzodiazepines marketed as hypnotics
MOA
Increase inhibitory neurotransmitter gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA)
Neuron excitability is reduced (includes limbic system-emotions
Indications
anxiety (acute episodes), insomnia, alcohol withdrawal & acute seizure episode

Front 281

Halothane (Fluothane)
Enflurane (Ethrane)
Isoflurane (Florane)
Desflurane (Suprane)
Sevoflurane (Ultane)
Nitrous oxide

Back 281

Inhalation Anesthetics

Front 282

Ketamine hydrochloride (Ketalar)
Propofol (Diprivan)

Back 282

IV Anesthetics

Front 283

Lidocaine (Xylocaine)
Procaine (Novacaine)
Tetracaine (Pontocaine)
Bupivacaine (Marcaine)

Back 283

Local Anesthetics

Front 284

Phenytoin (Dilantin
Fosphenytoin (Cerebyx)

Back 284

Anticonvulsants
Classified as CNS depressants
Stabilize nerve cell membranes
Suppress abnormal electric impulses is cerebral cortex
Seizure prevention but not a cure
May be taken throughout lifetime

Front 285

Diazepam (Valium), IV

Phenobarbital

Back 285

Drugs for Status Epilepticus
Intractable succession of epileptic seizures
Selected drugs to treat status epilepticus

Front 286

Benzodiazepines
Clonazepam (Klonopin)

Succinimides
Ethosuximide (Zarontin)

Valproates
Valproic acid (Depakote)

Back 286

Drugs for Absence or Petit Mal Seizures

Front 287

Carbamazepine (Tegretol)

Back 287

Refractory seizure disorder unresponsive to other therapies
Used for grand mal, partial, and mixed
Also used for alcohol withdrawal, bipolar disorder, and trigeminal neuralgia

Front 288

Carbidopa-levodopa (Sinemet

Back 288

Inhibits the enzyme dopa decarboxylase in the peripheral nervous system
Allows more levodopa to reach the brain (basal ganglia)
anti parkinsin

Front 289

Pyridoxine (Vit B6)

Back 289

Increases dopa decarboxylase action which metabolizes levodopa in the periphery to dopamine. Less levodopa gets to brain.

Front 290

Tacrine (Cognex)
Donepezil (Aricept)
Rivastigmine (Exelon

Back 290

Cholinesterase (ChE) inhibitors (aka AChE inhibitors or acetylcholinesterase inhibitors)
Cholinesterase decreases neurotransmission by breaking down acetylcholine
anti alzhiemers

Front 291

Edrophonium (Tensilon)

Back 291

Ultra short-acting
Used for diagnosing and differentiating between myasthenia crisis and chlonergic crisis

Front 292

Pyridostigmine (Mestinon)

Back 292

myesthenia gravis treatment

Front 293

Neostigmine (Prostigmine

Back 293

fast-acting AChEI used to relieve Myasthenic crisis

Front 294

Prednisone)

Back 294

Multiple Sclerosis (MS)
Acute attacks

Front 295

cyclophosphamide (Cytoxan)

Back 295

Immunosuppressant
Chronic Multiple Sclerosis (MS)

Front 296

Carisoprodol (Soma)
Diazepam (Valium)
Baclofen (Lioresal)
Dantrolene (Dantrium)
Chlorzoxazone (Parafon forte)
Cyclobenzapine (Flexeril)
Methocarbamol (Robaxin)

Back 296

Skeletal Muscle Relaxants