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42 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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which is the most active organ in the body?
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liver
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what are the roles (5) of the liver?
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processes, stores, redistributes nutrients | produces bile | synthesizes protein | detox drugs+OH | process excess N
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what is fatty liver?
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fat accumulation in the liver
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which conditions are implicated in fatty liver?
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alcoholic liver disease, toxic environment, drug exposure, obesity, long term TPN, diabetes, marasmus/kwashiorkor
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what does NAFLD stand for?
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Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease
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what group of pt is at inc risk for NAFLD?
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GI bypass surgeries, pt who lose gt 1-2 lbs/wk
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what are the consequences of fatty liver?
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liver enlargement, inflammation, fatigue, elev ALT/AST, inc TGs/cholesterol/glucose
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tx (6) for fatty liver?
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eliminate the cause | lower lipid levels | stop OH use | change drug tx | lose wt | control blood glucose
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what is hepatitis?
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liver inflammation
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what causes hepatitis?
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factors that cause liver damage; viruses A/B/C, excess OH, certain drugs/chemicals
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what is the common cause for Hep A?
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fecal-oral infection
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what is the common cause for Hep B?
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bloodborne, sexual xmission
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what is the common cause for Hep C?
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bloodborne
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which type of Hep is mostly chronic?
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Hep C
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what are the symptoms of acute hep?
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fatigue, nausea, anorexia, pain in liver area; jaundice also common
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acute and chronic hep are symptomatic or asymptomatic?
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asymptomatic frequently
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tx for hep?
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bed rest, good diet, antiviral for B/C; nonviral infection: anti-inflammatory+immunosuppressants
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what is cirrhosis?
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final phase of chronic liver disease
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what causes cirrhosis?
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long term scarring/fibrosis
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how does the liver w cirrhosis look?
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irregular, nodular appearance
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addl causes of cirrhosis (6)
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hep c, OH, bile duct blockage, untreated chronic hep, drug-induced hepa injury, some metabolic disorders
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what pct of cirrhosis pt are asymptomatic?
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40%
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what are the initial symp of cirrhosis? (3)
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fatigue, weakness, anorexia/wt loss
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what are the later symp of cirrhosis? (5)
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anemia, blood clotting impaired, susceptible to infection, jaundice, ascites+varices
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what is ascites?
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abnormal accumulation of fluid in peritoneal cavity
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what are some consequences of cirrhosis? (2)
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portal hypertension dt scar tissue; blood diverted to collaterals, collaterals enlarge and may rupture
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what causes ascites? (3)
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portal htn | h2o retention dt impaired kidney fn | reduced albumin synth
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systemic consequences of cirrhosis? (3)
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cachexia, elevated blood ammonia, and hepatic encephalopathy
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symptoms of hepatic encephalopathy?
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short attn span, mood changes, motor changes, sleep/energy changes (they increase with progression)
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tx for cirrhosis
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individualize; appropriate diet; avoid liver toxins; abstain OH; liver xplant; diuretics, appetite stims, laxatives (to reduce ammonia)
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rx used in tx of cirrhosis (3)
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diuretics, laxatives, appetite stims
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what is one way to improve pt food intake w dec appetite?
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eat more frequent, smaller meals
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what are side fx of the appetite stims?
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nausea, emesis, diarrhea
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what are side fx of diuretics?
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dry mouth, anorexia, dec taste perception
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what are side fx of immunosuppressants?
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nausea, emesis, diarrhea, anorexia, HTN (CI: grapefruit)
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what is the only option for liver failure?
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liver xplant
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what pct of liver failures are dt hep c/OH disease?
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40%
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how does the diet of a post-liver xplant pt change?
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inc protein + energy reqt
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what is the primary cause of liver disease?
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OH
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does OH have any benefits?
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increase HDL, reduce blood clot tendency, may help with heart disease
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what are the long term consequences of OH?
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liver disease, dmg GI tract, pancreas, inc risk of MI
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OH can cause deficiencies in what vitamins? (3)
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vit A, thiamin, folate
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