Nursing Leaders & Significant Historical Events

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Florence Nightingale

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founder of professional nursing, developed a model for training schools that was eventually used in the US

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Dorothea Dix

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not a nurse, she was appointed Superintendent of women nurses (union) army. she was also an advocate for the mentally ill. after the civil war a few black students were admitted to nursing school

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Mary Ann "Mother" Bickerdyke

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uneducated, widowed, non-nurse housekeeper. she found horrible conditions in Illinois hospital camp. w/out official authority & opposition by camp surgeons, she created a clean hospital environment

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Clara Barton "Angel of the Battlefield"

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began an independent campaign to provide relief for soldiers by obtaining basic necessities & established a distribution system. she quit her job as a copyist & traveled to VA, where she set up a makeshift filed hospital & cared for the sick & wounded. she later founded the org. that would later become the American Red Cross

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Sallie Thompkins

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when confederate gov't took control of confederate hospitals, she was commissioned a "captain of Cavalry, unassigned" & was the only woman in the Confederacy to hold military rank

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Phoebe Pember

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appointed matron of Chimborazo Hospital in Richmond, VA. Significant because care was provided by sick/wounded men before her appointmen.

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Linda Richards

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1st trained nurse in the US. Before & during the Amer. Civil War.

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Maria Eliza Mahoney

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Trained at New England Hospital for Women & Children, graduated as the 1st African-American trained nurse. Before & during the Amer. Civil War.

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Isabel Hampton Robb

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Founded the Nurses' Associated Alumnae of the US & Canada

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Ethel Bedford Fenwick

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Instrumental in the formation of the International Council of Nurses (ICN)

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Lillian Wald

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Established public health nursing in the US through her work at the Henry St. Settlement house.

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Jessie Scales

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Recognized as the 1st African-Amer. nurse to become a public health nurse, 1900; established the Stillman House, a branch of the HSS that served African-Americans

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Margaret Sanger

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instrumental in the birth control movement

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Mary Adelaide Nutting

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1st nursing professor in the world.

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Annie Goodrich

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Dean of the Army School of Nursing

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Mary Breckinridge

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nurse & midwife - established the Kentucky Committee for Mothers & Babies, the precursor to the Frontier Nursing Service

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Julie O. Flikke

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1st nurst to be promoted to the rank of colonel in US Army

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Tuskeegee Institute

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founded 1st baccalaureate program in a traditionally African-American institute in Alabama in 1948

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Martha Eliza Mahoney

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1st African-American educated RN in the US

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James Derham

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AA slave, worked as a nurse in New Orleans, 1783. He bought his freedom & later became a physician

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Edward Lyon

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a nurse anesthetist; 1st male nurse commissioned a 2nd Lt in Army Nurse Corpt (1955)

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General Bill Bester

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1st male nurse to be promoted to Chief Nurse of the Army (2000) & 1st to head any of the 3 branches of military nurse corp.

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L. Bissell Sanford

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1903

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Luther P. Christman

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1st male to be named Dean of a nursing school in the US. Dean of Vanderbilt School of Nursing & 1st to employ AA women as nurse faculty. Also founder of the national Student Nurse Assoc. & co-founder of the Amer. Assembly for Men in Nursing.

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Randolph Rasch

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1st AA male to earn a PhD in nursing - Univ. of Texas at Austin

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Anita McGee

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founded the U.S. Army Nurse Corps and raised the field of trained nursing to a professional status.
Dr. McGee could not be head of the Army Nurse Corps because of a Congressional bill that restricted the position to only graduate nurses. As a result, she organized the Society of Spanish-American War Nurses and served as its president for six years.
From 1904 to 1905, she and nine veteran nurses worked with Japanese nurses during the Russo-Japanese War. She also inspected hospitals in China, Japan and Korea. She was awarded the Imperial Order for the Sacred Crown by the Japanese government for her contributions.

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Lavinia Lloyd Dock

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graduated from Bellevue Training School for Nurses in 1886 and soon after became night supervisor at Bellevue. she wrote Materia Medica for Nurses, one of the first nursing textbooks. In addition to serving as foreign editor of the American Journal of Nursing, she wrote Hygiene and Morality and in 1907, co-authored with Adelaide Nutting the first two volumes of the four-volume History of Nursing. Volumes III and IV were completed by Dock alone in 1912. During her multi-faceted career, Dock worked with Lillian Wald at Henry Street Settlement and with Isabel Hampton Robb at Johns Hopkins School for Nursing.