Nursing Fundamentsl -Nutrition - Vitamins

Front 1

Organic substances required for many enzymatic reactions

Back 1

Vitamins

Front 2

What is the main function of vitamins

Back 2

To be a catalyst for metabolic functions and chemical reactions

Front 3

What are the two classes of vitamins

Back 3

Water soluble

Fat soluble

Front 4

What are the water soluble vitamins

Back 4

Vitamins C and B complex

Front 5

What are the fat soluble vitamins

Back 5

Vitamins A, D, E, and K

Front 6

Do vitamins yield any usable energy to the body

Back 6

No

Front 7

What does Vitamin C do in the body

Back 7

aids in tissue building and metabolic reactions(wound and fracture healing, collagen formation, adrenaline production, iron absorption, conversion of folic acid, cellular adhesion)

Front 8

Where is vitamin C found

Back 8

citrus fruits, tomatoes, peppers, green leafy vegetables, and strawberries

Front 9

What increases the need for vitamin c

Back 9

Stress and illness

Front 10

Deficiency in vitamin C causes what?

Explain disease

Back 10

Scurvy

a hemorrhagic disease with diffuse tissue bleeding, painful limbs/joints, weak bones, and swollen gums/loose teeth

Front 11

B complex vitamins have many functions in

Back 11

cell metabolism

Front 12

B vitamins partner with other B vitamins to produce what

Back 12

metabolic reactions. Energy, metabolism and neurological function

Front 13

Where is the source for most vitamin B found

Back 13

Green leafy vegetables, unprocessed or enriched grains

Almost all plant and animal tissues especially grains, meats and legumes

Front 14

What is thiamin (B1) necessary for

Back 14

Proper digestion, peristalsis, and providing energy to the smooth muscles, glands, the CNS and blood vessels

Front 15

What does a deficiency of thiamin B1 result in

Back 15

beriberi, gastrointestinal findings and cardiovascular problems

Front 16

What is riboflavin (B2) required for

Back 16

Growth and tissue healing

Front 17

What can a deficiency in Riboflavin B2 lead to

Back 17

Cheilosis (manifestations include scales and cracks on the lips and mouth),smooth/swollen red tongue and dermatitis particularly in the skin folds

Front 18

What are the sources for riboflavin B2

Back 18

milk, meats and green leafy vegetables

Front 19

What does niacin B3 aid in

Back 19

Metabolism of fats, glucose, and alcohol

Front 20

What can a deficiency in niacin B3 lead to

Back 20

pellagra ( manifestations include sun-sensitive skin lesions, and gastrointestinal and neurological findings)

Front 21

What does Pantothenic acid B5 aid in

Back 21

biological reactions (energy production, catabolism, and synthesis of fatty acids, phospholipids, cholesterol, steroid hormones, the neurotransmitter acetylcholine)

Front 22

What can a deficiency in Pantothenic acid B5 result in

Back 22

anemia and CNS changes. However, deficiency is unlikely due to the diverse availability in foods

Front 23

What are the sources for Pantothenic acid B5

Back 23

Organ meats (liver, kidney), egg yolk, avocados, cashew nuts and peanuts, brown rice, soy, lentils, broccoli and milk.

Front 24

what is pyridoxine B6 needed for

Back 24

cellular function and synthesis of hemoglobin, neurotransmitters and niacin

Front 25

What can a deficiency in pyridoxine B6 cause

Back 25

anemia and CNS disturbances

Front 26

What can a high intake of pyridoxine B6 cause

Back 26

Sensory neuropathy

Front 27

What are sources for pyridoxine B6

Back 27

organ meats and grains

Front 28

What is biotin used for

Back 28

coenzyme used in fatty acid synthesis, amino acid metabolism and the formation of glucose

Front 29

What can a deficiency in biotin lead to

Back 29

Deficiency is rare, but results in neurological findings (depression and fatigue) and rashes on the skin, especially the face. ("biotin deficient face"

Front 30

What are the sources of biotin

Back 30

eggs, milk and dark leafy vegetables

Front 31

What is folate (folic acid in synthetic form) used for

Back 31

hemoglobin and amino acid synthesis, cellular reproduction and prevention of neural tube defects in utero

Front 32

What do deficiency in folate (folic acid ) cause

Back 32

Megaloblastic anemia, CNS disturbances, and fetal neural tube defects (spinal bifida and anencephaly)

Front 33

Where can folate be found

Back 33

liver, dark green leafy vegetables, citrus fruits, whole grain products and legumes

Front 34

What is Cobalamin B12 used for

Back 34

production of red blood cells

Front 35

What can a deficiency in Cobalamin B12 cause

Back 35

pernicious anemia (seen mostly in strict vegetarians) B12 is found strictly in foods of animal origin. Pernicious anemia can also be found in those with the absence of the intrinsic factor needed for the absorption of B12

Front 36

Where is cobalamin B12 found?

Back 36

Beef liver, shellfish and fortified grains

Front 37

Why do all fat soluble vitamins have a possibility for toxicity

Back 37

Their ability to be stored in the body for long periods of time

Front 38

What is the absorption of fat soluble vitamins dependent on

Back 38

The body's ability to absorb dietary fat

Front 39

What clients are at risk for having the absorption of fat soluble vitamins interrupted

Back 39

Those that have conditions that affect the secretion of fat converting enzymes, or conditions of the small intestines. (Cystic fibrosis, celiac disease, Crohns disease, or intestinal bypasses)

Front 40

What clients should be careful not to take more than the daily recommendations of fat soluble vitamins? Why?

Back 40

Those who have liver disease.

Levels can build up

Front 41

Vitamin A (retinol, beta carotene) contributes to what

Back 41

Vision health, tissue strength and growth and embryonic development

Front 42

Care should be given to what type of client when administering Vitamin A. Why?

Back 42

Pregnant Clients

Some forms have teratogenic effects on the fetus

Front 43

What can deficiencies in Vitamin A lead to?

Back 43

Vision changes, xerophthalmia (dryness and thickening of the conjunctiva) and changes in epithelial cells (especially the mouth and vaginal mucosa)

Front 44

What are the sources for vitamin A

Back 44

Fish liver oils, egg yolks, butter, cream, and dark yellow/orange fruits and vetetables (carrots, yams, apricots, squash, cantaloupe)

Front 45

What does vitamin D (calciferol) assist in

Back 45

utilization of calcium and phosphorus, and aids in skin repair. Can be used preventively for immune function.

Front 46

____________ enables the body to synthesize vitamin D

Back 46

Sunlight

Front 47

What does deficiency in vitamin D result in

Back 47

Bone demineralization and extreme deficiency results in rickets.

Front 48

What clients may require additional amounts of Vitamin D

Back 48

those on glucocorticoid therapy

Front 49

What can excess consumption of vitamin D lead to

Back 49

Hypercalcemia

Front 50

What are the sources of vitamin D

Back 50

fortified milk, cod liver oil, and eggs

Front 51

What can low levels of vitamin D lead to

Back 51

increased risk for chronic diseases such as multiple sclerosis, type I diabetes, hypertension and certain cancers

Front 52

What does vitamin E (tocopherol) aid in

Back 52

an antioxidant that helps to preserve muscles and red blood cells, and maintains the myelin sheath that insulates nerve cells

Front 53

What can a deficiency in vitamin E lead to

Back 53

hemolytic anemia and affects the nerve fivers that influence walking and vision

Front 54

What are the sources for vitamin E

Back 54

vegetable oils and certain nuts

Front 55

Vitamin K (menaquinone, phylloquinone) assists with what

Back 55

blood clotting and bone maintenance

Front 56

What can a deficiency in vitamin K lead to

Back 56

increased bleeding time

Front 57

What is used as an antidote for excess anticoagulants

Back 57

Vitamin K

Front 58

Where is vitamin K found

Back 58

in some oils, liver, and green leafy vegetables (spinach broccoli, cabbage)

* the typical American diet provides enough