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25 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Carbohydrate DRI
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Adults should get 45-65% of their calories from carbs. (Or 130 grams)
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Protein DRI
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Adults should get 10-35% of their calories from proteins. (Or 46-56 grams for the "Average" person)
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Lipids DRI
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Adults should get 20-35% of their calories from fats; kids should get 25-40%
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Sources of Simple Sugars/ Carbs
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corn syrup, milk, honey, table sugar, molasses, sugar cane, sugar beets & fruit
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Sources of Complex sugars/ carbs
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vegetables, bread, cereal, pasta, grains & legumes
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Sources of complete protein
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mostly from animal sources; meat, eggs, milk, poultry, fish
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Sources of incomplete protein
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plant sources such as nuts, grains, legumes, seeds and veggies (Can be combined to make complete proteins)
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Souces of Saturated fats
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animal sources; pork, beef, poultry, seafood, egg yolks, dairy, coconut & palm oil
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Sources of Unsaturated fats
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plant sources; olives, olive oil, veggie, peanut, soybean, cotton seed, corn & safflower oil, nuts and avocados
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Essential fatty acids
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poly unsaturated veggie oils and fish (omega 3 & 6)
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Sources of Trans Fats
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hydrogenated oils, some margarines, packaged baked goods, many processed foods
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Enzymes in carb digestion
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salivary amylase in the mouth, ptyalin in the mouth and stomach, pancreatic amylopsin, and intestinal enzymes sucrase, lactase and maltase
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Enzymes in protein digestion
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Pepsin in stomach, trypsin, chymotrypsin and carboxypeptidase in pancreas, aminopeptidase and dipeptidase in intestines
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Enzymes in lipid digestion
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lipase in lingual, lipase and tributyrinase in gastric, bile salts and pancreate lipase
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Importance of Carbs
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provide nearly all the energy for the brain
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Glycogen
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form in which glucose is stored in the liver and skeletal muscle tissue
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glycogenolysis
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Process sin which glycogen stored in the liver and muscles is converted back into glucose in order to meet energy needs
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glyconeogenesis
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process in which body stores of protein and lipids are broken down and used for energy (done only once all glycogen has been used up)
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Ketones
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alternative fuel created when fats are coverted directly into an energy source
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What problem arrises from the presence of ketones?
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Ketones raise the acidity of blood and can cause an acid-base imbalance
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Insulin
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pancreatic horomone that helps move glucose into cells
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Essential amino acids
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There are 20, they must be supplied by the diet since the body cannot make them
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Non essential amino acids
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There are 10, body is able to make them on it's own
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Nitrogen balance
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occurs when nitrogen intake and output are equal
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Positive nitrogen balance
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nitrogen intake exceeds output, critical for tissue growth such as during pregnancy and wound healing
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