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64 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
- 3rd side (hint)
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The amount of blood ejected from the left ventricle each minute is the_______.
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cardiac output
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CO= stroke volume x heart rate
normal range= 4-6 L/min |
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______ is a more precise measure and takes into consideration tissue perfusion and the clients body surface area.
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cardiac index
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normal range
2.5-4.0 L/min/m2 CI= cardiac output / BSA |
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_____ is the amount of blood ejected from the left ventricle with each contraction.
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stroke volume
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_____ is the end-diastolic volume
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preload
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________ law states; The more stretch on the ventricular muscle, the greater the contraction and the greater the stroke volume.
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Starlings
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____ is the resistance to left ventricular ejection.
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Afterload
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An ____ reflects the electrical activity of the conduction system.
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electrocardiogram
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*does not reflect muscular work of the heart
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The normal sequence of the ECG is called _____.
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normal sinus rhythm
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_____ is the process of moving gases into and out of the lungs.
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Ventilation
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____ is an active process, stimulated by chemical receptors in the aorta.
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Inspiration
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____ is a passive process that depends on the elastic recoil properties of the lungs, requiring little or no muscle work.
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Expiration
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____ is the process for exchange of the respiratory gases in the alveoli and the capillaries of the body tissues.
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Diffusion
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Conditions such as shock and severe dehydration cause extracellular fluid loss and reduced circulating blood volume, or _______.
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hypovolemia
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Electrical impulses that do not originate from the SA node cause condition disturbances called _____.
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dysrhythmias
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Name 2 heart rhythms that are life threatening and require immediate intervention.
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ventricular tachycardia; ventricular fibrillation
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_____ results when the supply of blood to the myocardium from the coronary arteries is insufficient to meet myocardial oxygen demands.
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Myocardial ischemia
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____ is a transient imbalance between myocardial oxygen supply and demand.
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Angina pectoris
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_____ occurs when alveolar ventilation is inadequate to meet the body's oxygen demand or to eliminate sufficient carbon dioxide.
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Hypoventilation
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_____ is inadequate tissue oxygenation at the cellular level.
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Hypoxia
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____ is a clinical sign of hypoxia. It is a sensation of difficult or uncomfortable breathing.
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Dyspnea
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____ is an abnormal condition in which the client uses multiple pillows when lying down or must sit with arms elevated and leaning forward to breath.
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Orthopnea
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Bloody sputum
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hemoptysis
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High pitched musical sound caused by high-velocity movement of air through a narrowed airway.
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weezing
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_____ with a 50% increase between two samples 3-6 hours apart, peaking 12 hours after chest pain, or a single elevation two fold is diagnostic for an acute myocardial infarction
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creatine kinase
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Normal Myoglobin Level
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<90 mcg/L
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Normal Serum Electrolyte level
(checking for potassium K+) |
3.5-5 mmol/L
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Normal Cholesterol level
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Fasting:
200 mg/dl Low-density lipoproteins (LDL's) bad cholesterol- 60-180 mg/dL High-density lipoproteins (good cholesterol) Male: >45 mg/dL Female: >55mg/dL |
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Normal Triglycerides
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Male: 40-160 mg/dL
Female: 35-135 mg/dL |
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A component of pulmonary hygiene, consists of drainage, positioning, and turning; accompanied by chest percussion and vibration
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postural drainage
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_____ encourages voluntary deep breathing.
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Incentive spirometry
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A _____ is a catheter inserted through the thorax to remove air and fluids from the pleural space, to prevent air or fluid from reentering the pleural space, or to reestablish normal intrapleural and intrapulmonic pressures.
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chest tube
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A _____ is an accumulation of blood and fluid in the pleural cavity between the parietal and visceral pleurae, usually as a result of trama.
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hemothorax
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A _____ is a collection of air in the pleural space.
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pneumothorax
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_____ involves deep inspiration and prolonged expiration through pursed lips to prevent alveolar collapse.
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Pursed lip breathing
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_____ is more difficult and requires the client to relax intercostal and accessory respiratory muscles while taking deep inspirations.
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Diaphragmatic breathing
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Deoxygenated blood is delivered to the ____ side of the heart, and oxygenated blood is delivered from the lungs to the ____ side of the heart and tissues.
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right;left
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The ____ ventricle of the heart pumps blood through the pulmonary circulation.
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right
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The ____ ventricle of the heart pumps blood through the systemic circulation.
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left
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There are ___ cardiac chambers; ___ atria, and ____ ventricles.
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4;2;2
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The blood chambers fill with blood during ____ and empty during ____.
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diastole; systole
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An enlarged heart is called _____.
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cardiomyopathy
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results in decreased pumping action and a decrease in stroke volume (blood ejected)
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Hemorrhage and dehydration cause a ____ in circulating blood volume and stroke volume.
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decrease
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___ represents the first heart sound when the blood fills a relaxed ventricle after leaving the atria.
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S1
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Closure of the aortic and pulmonic valves represents, ___ or the second heart sound.
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S2
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_____ supplies the myocardium with oxygen and nutrients and removes wastes.
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Coronary artery circulation
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The arteries and veins of the _____ delivers nutrients and oxygen to and remove waste from the tissues.
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systemic circulation
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Blood is ejected from the ___ ventricle.
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left
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A _____ is a catheter inserted through the thorax to remove air and fluids from the pleural space, to prevent air or fluid from reentering the pleural space, or to reestablish normal intrapleural and intrapulmonic pressures.
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chest tube
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A _____ is an accumulation of blood and fluid in the pleural cavity between the parietal and visceral pleurae, usually as a result of trama.
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hemothorax
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A _____ is a collection of air in the pleural space.
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pneumothorax
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_____ involves deep inspiration and prolonged expiration through pursed lips to prevent alveolar collapse.
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Pursed lip breathing
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_____ is more difficult and requires the client to relax intercostal and accessory respiratory muscles while taking deep inspirations.
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Diaphragmatic breathing
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Deoxygenated blood is delivered to the ____ side of the heart, and oxygenated blood is delivered from the lungs to the ____ side of the heart and tissues.
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right;left
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The ____ ventricle of the heart pumps blood through the pulmonary circulation.
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right
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The ____ ventricle of the heart pumps blood through the systemic circulation.
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left
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There are ___ cardiac chambers; ___ atria, and ____ ventricles.
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4;2;2
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The blood chambers fill with blood during ____ and empty during ____.
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diastole; systole
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An enlarged heart is called _____.
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cardiomyopathy
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results in decreased pumping action and a decrease in stroke volume (blood ejected)
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Hemorrhage and dehydration cause a ____ in circulating blood volume and stroke volume.
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decrease
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___ represents the first heart sound when the blood fills a relaxed ventricle after leaving the atria.
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S1
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Closure of the aortic and pulmonic valves represents, ___ or the second heart sound.
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S2
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_____ supplies the myocardium with oxygen and nutrients and removes wastes.
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Coronary artery circulation
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The arteries and veins of the _____ delivers nutrients and oxygen to and remove waste from the tissues.
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systemic circulation
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Blood is ejected from the ___ ventricle.
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left
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